Pharm Test 1

Front 1

cardiovascular effects of sympathomimetic drugs

Back 1

increased bp with risk of hemmhoragic stroke
- tachycardia with risk of arrhythmias
- incrased cardiac output - angina and heart attack
- long term administration ; potential myocardial damage

RISK IS HIGHEST with indirect acting sympathomimetic drugs.

Front 2

para sympathetic system (rest and digest system)

Back 2

- all muscarinic receptors.

Front 3

common sites of action for parasympathomimetic drugs

Back 3

- cholinesterase inhibitors - indirect acting
- muscarinic receptor agonist - direct acting

Front 4

pasympatholytic drugs

Back 4

indirect acting - botox - release inhibitor

- muscarinic receptor antagonist - direct acting

Front 5

muscarinic agonists action effects and clinical use

Back 5

- heart - decreases heart rate and has no clinical use
- gi tract - increase motility and open sphincters Bathenocol used to treatt non obstructive GI hypomotility

- salivary glands - salivation - treat xerostomia - pilocarpaine

- lungs - bronchoconstriction - no uses

- bladder - urination - prevent urinary retention

- sweat glands - sweating no tx use

- vascular sm. muscle - vasodilation and no tx. use

eye - redude intraocular pressure and pupillary constriction used to treat glaucoma for intra ocular pressure reduction

Front 6

muscarinic antagonists

Back 6

heart - increased heart rate - may be used to treat some forms of heart failure

- GI tract - decrease motility, closing sphincters, decreased secretions treats diarrhea

- salivary glands - decreases salivation - reduce salivation during dental procedures (atropine)

- lungs - bronchdilation and decrease solution treats COPD and its also a pre anasthesia (ipratropium)

- bladder - urinary retention treates overactive bladder via tolterodine

sweat glands - reduced sweating

CNS - vestibular effects to treat motion sickness via scopolamine

eye dilates pupil for retinal exam

Front 7

toxic effects of antimuscarinic drugs

Back 7

- dry mouth due to reduced salivation
- impaired vsual accomodation
- hyperthermia (flushing) due to reduced sweating
- may cause hyperthermia which is potentially lethal in kids.
- agitation, hallucination due to CNS effects
- constipation
tachycardia

dose dependence - lower doses lead to dry mouth and urinary retention
high doses have heart and vision effects.

Front 8

muscarinic receptor regulation of salivation

Back 8

pilocarpaine treats xerostomia

- muscarinic antagonists - atropine sulfate
- cardio, visual effects can be observed at therapeutic doses
- used by orthodontists and oral surgeons.

Front 9

botox

Back 9

- parasympathtolytic drug - indrectly blocks para sympathetic activity by blocking release of ACH from nerve terminals -- reduces excessive under arm sweating.

Front 10

anticholinesterases acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Back 10

- 2 categories
- reversible - forms a hydrolyzable chemical bond and effects are short lasting and mile
PHYSOSTYGMINE

- irreversible
- forms a non hydrolyzable bond
- effects are long lasting and severe
- used in insecticides
- organophosphates
- very lipid soluble

Front 11

anticholinesterases

Back 11

- indirect acting cholinergic agonists
- autonomic effects
- nicotinic receptors on autonomic ganglia - effects on sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
- increased HR and BP
- muscarinic receptors on para sympathetic targets
-
CNS effects
- nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors

Motor Effects
- nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle
- muscle weakness and fasciculations.