Pharm Terms From Chapters 18-21 Of Pharmacology & The Nursing Process 6Th Ed

Front 1

ADRENERGIC AGONISTS

Back 1

Drugs that stimulate and mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system. Also called symathomimetics.

Front 2

ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS

Back 2

Receptor sites for the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine

Front 3

ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS

Back 3

A class of adrenergic receptors that are further subdivided into alpha1- and alpha2-adrenergic receptors, and are differentiated by their anatomic location in the tissues, muscles, and organs regulated by specific autonomic nerve fibers.

Front 4

AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS

Back 4

Bodily functions that are involuntary and result from the physiologic activity of the autonomic nervous system. The functions often occur in pairs of opposing actions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Front 5

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)

Back 5

A branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls autonomic bodily functions. It consists of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 6

BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS

Back 6

Receptors located on postsynaptic effector cells of tissues, muscles, and organs stimulated by specific autonomic nerve fibers. Beta1-adrenergic receptors are located primarily in the heart, whereas Beta2-adrenergic receptors are located in the smooth muscle fibers fo the bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs

Front 7

CATECHOLAMINES

Back 7

Substances that can produce a sympathomimetic response. They are either endogenous catecholamines (such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) or synthetic catecholamine drugs (such as dobutamene).

Front 8

DOPAMINERGIC RECEPTOR

Back 8

A third type of adrenergic receptor (in addition to alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors) located in various tissues and organs and activated by the bidning of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which can be either endogenous or a synthetic drug form

Front 9

MYDRIASIS

Back 9

Pupillary dilation, whether natural (physiologic) or drug induced

Front 10

OPHTHALMICS

Back 10

Drugs that are used in the eye

Front 11

POSTIIVE CHRONOTROPIC EFFECTIVE

Back 11

An increase in heart rate

Front 12

POSITIVE DROMOTROPIC

Back 12

An increase in the conduction of cardiac electrical impulses through the atrioventricular node, which results in the transfer of nerve action potentials from the atria to the ventricles. This ultimately leads to a systolic heartbeat (ventricular contractions).

Front 13

POSITIVE INOTROIC EFFECT

Back 13

An increase inteh force fo contraction of the hear muscle (myocardium).

Front 14

SYMPATHOMIMETICS

Back 14

Drugs used therapeutically that mimic the catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Also called adrenergic agonists.

Front 15

SYNAPTIC CLEFT

Back 15

The space either between two adjacent nerve cell membranes or between a nerve cell membrane and an effector organ cell membrane (also called synapse).

Front 16

AGONISTS

Back 16

Drugs with a specific receptor affinity that mimic the body's natural chemicals (e.g., hormones, neurotransmitters).

Front 17

ANGINA

Back 17

Paroxysmal (sudden) chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia

Front 18

ANTAGONISTS

Back 18

Drugs that bind to specific receptors and inhibit or block the response of the receptors

Front 19

DYSRHYTHMIAS

Back 19

Irregular heart rhythms; almost always called arrhythmias in clinical practice

Front 20

EXTRAVASATION

Back 20

The leaking of fluid from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissues, as in the case of an infiltrated intravenous infusion

Front 21

INTRINSIC SYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY

Back 21

The paradoxical action of some beta-blockign drugs (e.g., acebutolol) that mimics the action of the sympathetic nervous system

Front 22

LIPOPHILICITY

Back 22

The chemical attraction of a substance (e.g., drug molecule) to lipid or fat molecules

Front 23

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

Back 23

A vascular adrenal gland tumor that is usually benign but secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine and thus often causes CNS stimulation and substantial blood pressure elevation

Front 24

SYMPAHTOLYTICS

Back 24

Drugs that inhibit the postganglionic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system

Front 25

ACETYLCHOLINE (Ach)

Back 25

The neurotransmitter responsible for transmission of nerve impulses to effector cells in the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 26

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE

Back 26

The enzyme responsible for the breakdown of Ach (also referred to simply as cholinesterase).

Front 27

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Back 27

A disease of the brain that is characterized by progressive mental deterioration manifested by confusion, disorientation, and loss of memory, ability to calculate, and visual-spatial orientation

Front 28

CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR

Back 28

A nerve receptors that is stimulated by Ach

Front 29

MIOSIS

Back 29

The contraction of the pupil

Front 30

MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS

Back 30

Cholinergic receptors that are located post-synaptically in the effector organs such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands supplied by parasympathetic fibers

Front 31

NICOTINIC RECEPTORS

Back 31

Cholinergic receptors located in the ganglia (where pre-synaptic and post-synaptic nerve fibers meet) of both the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system; so named because they can be stimulated by the alkaloid nicotine

Front 32

PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS

Back 32

Drugs that mimic the parasympathetic nervous system; also referred to as cholinergic agonist drugs

Front 33

CHOLINERGIC-BLOCKING DRUGS

Back 33

Drugs that block the action of Ach and substances similar to Ach at receptor sites in the synapse. Such drugs block the action of the cholinergic nerves that transmit impulses through the release of Ach at their synapse

Front 34

MYDRIASIS

Back 34

Dilation of the pupil of the eye caused by contraction of the dilator muscle of the iris

Front 35

PARASYMPATHOLYTICS

Back 35

Drugs that reduce the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system; also called anticholinergics.