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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Describe how basteriostatic antibiotics can also be bactericidal
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at high enough level they can be bactericidal but these dosages are often too toxic to the host tissue. rather a consistent concentration of the drug over longer periods.
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define resistance by:
transduction transformation conjugation |
from virus
from environmental uptake cell to cell sex |
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how is overextension of the pharmacologic action a bad thing with respect to antibiotcs?
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killing too many of the host good flora will allow for the resistant microbes to grow unopposed. Ex C diffiile
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renal toxic Abs?
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cephalosporins
vancomycin aminoglycocides sulfonamides amphotericin B (antifungal) cisplatin (CA chemo) |
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hepatotoxic Abs?
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tetracycline
isoniazid erythromycin estolate clindamycin methotrexate 6-mecaptopurine sulfonamides amphotericin B duanorubicin doxirubicin |
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ototoxic Abs etc?
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aminoglycosides
vancomycin minocycline (vestibular only) |
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Visual toxic Abs?
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ethambutol
isoniazid |
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hemopoietic toxic Abs?
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most anitneoplastic compounds
many antiviral agents chloamphenicol sulfonamides |
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hemolytic anemia causing Abs?
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sulfonamides
nitofurantoin |
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photosensitivity causing Abs?
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tetracyclines
fluoroquinolones |
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true or false?
empiric therapy includes antibiotic coverage for gram-, gram + and anaerobes while waiting for culture/sensitivity reports |
true
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if one of the three discontinue coverage for the other two with a specific antibiotic, if mixed continue the empiric therapy that was intiated.
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aminoglycosides, carbapnenems, chloramphenicol,quinolones, rifampin, tertracycline and tigecycline all have:
a) gram + activity b) gran - activity c) both gram +/- |
C- both gram +/-
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advantages of using antibiotcs in combination?
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synergistic blockade of sequential steps in microbe's metabolism, decreases toxicity of high doses of single agent and gives broader spectrum activity
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4 misuses and failures of antibacterial drugs that contribute to resistance?
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1) "treating" viral infections
2) therapy of fevor of unknown origin 3)improper dosage- suboptimal 4) improper duration of therapy |
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Cefazolin
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the DOC for surgical prophylaxis in cardiac, thoracic, vacular, neuro, orthopoedic, head and neck, gastroduodenal, biliary tract, emergency colorectal, appendectomy, hysterectomy adn cesarean section surgeries.
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empiric therapy for Moraxella catharralis (gram - cocci)
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TMP-SMZ, cephalosporin(2nd or 3rd gen)
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alt drugs: erythromycin, quinolone, clrsihtromycin ot azithromycin
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Empiric Tx for Neisseia gonorrheae (gram - cocci)
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Cefriaxone, cefposoxime
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alt= spectinomycin, cefoxitin
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Empiric Tx for Neisseria meningitidis
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Penicillin G
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alt= Chloramphenicol ro cephalosporin (3rd)
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Empiric Tx for Ecoli, Klebsiella and Proteus
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Cepholosporin (1st or 2nd) or TMP-SMZ
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alt= Quinolone or aminoglycoside
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Empiric therapy for Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Serratia
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TMP-SMZ, Quinolone or carbapenem
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alt= angtipseudomonal penicillin 4, aminoglycosides, 5 cefepime
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empiric Tx fro Shigella
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Quinolone
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alt= TMP-SMZ, ampicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone
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empiric Tx for Salmonella
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TMP-SMZ, quinolone, cephalosporin(3rd)
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alt= Chloramphenicol, ampicillin
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Empiric Tx for Campylobacter jejuni
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Erithromycin or azithromycin
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alt= tetracycline or quinolone
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Empiric Tx for Brucella spp
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doxycycline+rifampin or aminoglycoside
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alt= Chloramphenicol+ sminoglycosides or TMP-SMZ
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empiric therapy for Helicobacter pylori
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Bismuth+metronidazole+tetracycline or amoxicillin
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alt= PPi+ amoxicillin or clarithrmycin
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empiric Tx for Vibrio spp
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Tetracycline
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alt= Quinolone, TMP-SMZ
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empiric therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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antipseudomonal penicillin+aminoglycoside
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alt= antipsued penicillin+quinolone; cefepime,ceftazidime,imipenem, meropemem or aztreonam+/- aminoglycoside
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