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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chloroquine (Aralen)
Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) |
1) Blood schizonticide
2) Interferes with feeding mechanism, raises pH of acidic food vacuoles 3) Clinical cure for all forms 4) Resistance involves a transport pump |
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Chloroquine (Aralen)
Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) Pharmacokinetics |
1) Oral administration
2) Accumulates in melanin rich skin 3) Metabolized by liver 4) Half life-6-7 days 5) Once a week for prophylaxis 6) Used for Rheumatoid arthritis and Lupus in high doses |
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Chloroquine (Aralen)
Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) Toxicity |
1) Less than quinine
2) CNS-dizziness, headache tinnitus 3) GI upset-take with food 4) Retinal and corneal- monitor visual function 5) Seizures and cardiac arrest if administered too fast 6) Immunologic-Blood dyscrasias, Lupus like symptoms, rashes, psoriasis and porphyria |
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Quinidine sulfate
Quinidine gluconate |
1) Found in Cinchona Bark
2) Used for hundreds of years 3) Blood schizonticide and Gametcide 4) DOC for unconcious 5) Oral and IV 6) Similar to aspirin 7)Neuromuscular blockade 8) Treat nocturnal leg cramps |
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Quinidine sulfate
Quinidine gluconate Toxicity |
1) GI irritation
2) Blurred vision and tinnitus 3) Cardiovascular-quinidine like 4) Birth defects and abortion 5) Neuromuscular blockade 6)Hypoglycemia 7) Increase uterine contractions 8) Cinchonism |
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Mefloquine (Lariam;Fansimet)
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1) Effective agains chlorquine-resistant strains of P. Falciparum
2) Blood schizontocyte 3) DOC for Chloroquine resistant prophylaxis |
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Mefloquine (Lariam, Fansimet)
Toxicity |
1) Used orally
2) GI upset 3) Depression of Myocardium 4) Seizures 5) Potential Teratogen 6) Not to be used in patients with history of seizures and psychosis |
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Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine (Fansidar)
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1) Inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase (Pyr)
2) Inhibits the incorporation of PABA into THF 3) Main effect on erythrocyte form 4) Other effects on all forms 5) Used for presumptive treatment 6) Serious toxicity and allergic rxn |
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Atovaquone+proguanil (Malarone)
Antimalarial action |
1) Best for TX of uncomplicated infection with chloroquine resistant malaria
2) Blood schizontocide 3) Affects plasmodial mitochondrial membrane potential 4) Synergized by proguanil |
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Atovaquone+proguanil (Malarone)
toxicity and other acitons |
1) Treat Pneumocysitis Jiroveci allergic to TMP/SMX
2) Tox: GI symptoms, Headache, elevation of liver enzymes |
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Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
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used as alternative or adjunctive for treatment of prophylaxis of malaria resistant to other drugs
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Primaquine
Antimalaria activity |
1) Active against tissue form of all species
2) Gametocidal 3) Kills secondary forms of P.Vivax, P. Ovale 4) Can prevent initial infection in liver |
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Primaquine
SE and Toxicity |
1) Not used for prophylaxis due to toxicity when used chronically
2) Hemolytic amenia- G-6-PD 3) GI 4) CNS |
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Prophylaxis for malaria
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Chloroquine
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Prophylaxis for malaria
Chloroquine resistant |
Mefloquine
Atovaquone plus proguanil |
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Prophylaxis for malaria
Multidrug resistant |
Doxycycline
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Treatment of Malaria
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Chloroquine
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Treatment of Malaria
Chloroquine resistant P. Faciparum |
Atovaquone/proguanil
Quinine sulfate/Doxycycline Quinine sulfate/Clindamycin Quinine sulfate/Tetracycine Mefloquine Mefloquine/Artesunate |
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Treatment of Malaria
Cholroquine resistant P.Vivax |
Quinine sulfate/Doxycycline
Quinine sulfate/Clindamycin Quinine sulfate/Tetracycine Mefloquine Follow with primaquine |
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Treatment of Malaria
Complicated or severe(Shock or end organ damage) |
Quinine glucuronate/Doxycycline
Quinine glucuronate/Clindamycin Quinine glucuronate/Tetracycine Artemether |
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Prevention of Relapse Malaria
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Primaquine
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