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16 Cards in this Set
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Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn)
(pituitary med.) |
Action:stimulates release of cortisol from adrenal cortex
Use:anti-inflammatory effect. (Acromegaly) Hormone replacement therapy. Dose range:(adult and children>2) IM, IV, 0.25 mg Contra:caution with migraines, epilepsy, and asthma, Na+ retention Side Effects:blood glucose levels, hypothyroidism, edema, HTN Nursing Interventions: 1.maintain hydration 2. check electrolytes 3. avoid vaccinations 4. risk for infection 5. check pain |
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Class:hormone/growth hormone
Drug:Somatropin & Somatrem (pituitary med) |
Action:stimulates skeletal growth in patients with deficient GH
Use:hypopituitary dwarfism, wasting in HIV Dose range: children 0.16-0.24mg/kg/wk divided in 6-7 daily doses/adults 0.04-0.08mg/kg/wk divided in 6-7 daily doses Contra: caution: migrane headaches, epilepsy, and asthma Side Effects:edema of hands and feet, hyperglycemia, hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, pain at injection site, arthraglia, carpal tunnel syndrome, risk for altered growth. Nursing interventions: 1.check height before treatment 2. continue to monitor height 3. report any joint pain (fingers, legs, hips). 4. monitor glucose levels and thyroid function. |
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Class: somatostatin (GH inhibitor)
Drug: Octreotide (Sandostatin) (pituitary med) |
Action: Inhibits GH release, Increases absorption of fluid and electrolytes, supresses secretion of insulin, and glucagon.
Use:treatment of severe diarrhea, shrinks tumors, decreases effects of carcinoid crisis, esophageal varices. Dose range:50mcg-500mcg bid-tid Contra:caution with renal impairment, migrane headaches, epilepsy, and asthma. Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, weakness, visual disturbances, edema, OHTN, palpations, impairs gallbladder function,abd. pain, N&V, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia Nursing interventions: 1. monitor BM'S 1.report any abd.pain 2.monitor glucose (esp. diabetics) 3. change positions slowly (OHTN), monitor pulse and blood pressure 4. fluid intake and electrolytes 5. assess for gallbladder disease & urine specific gravity |
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Class: ADH
Drug:Vasopressin & Desmopressin (pituitary med) |
Action: vasoconstricts->helps create a pulse,mimics ADH (enhanced reabsorption of water in the kidneys)
Use:(Vasso):DI, GI bleed, blood disorders,hyponatremia, hypotensive crisis Dose range: IM/SQ: 5-10 units bid-qid, IV: 0.5 milliunuts/kg/hr Contra:caution: migrane headaches, epilepsy, asthma Side Effects:drowsiness, headache, rhinitis, dypsnea, HTN, abd. cramps Nursing interventions: 1. Monitor I's&O's 2. provide instructions for nasal spray 3. rotate injection sites 4. taper decreased dose 5. tell parents to keep a journal of growth 6. vital signs orthostatic, CBC, leukocytes |
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Thyroid meds:
Drugs:Levothyroxine (Synthroid, levothyroid) other ex: liothyronine, liotrix, and thyroid |
Action:synthetic thyroid hormone that mimics T4
Use:replaces what thyroid cannot produce to achieve normal thyroid levels Dose range: Contra:caution in pt. with heart problems, hypertension, pregnant Side effects:cardiac dysrhythmia, heart and GI effects Nursing interventions:1. check TSH, T3, T4 levels every week at beginning and every 3 months after that 2.monitor heart 3. monitor dose and decrease if any problems (insomnia-early sign) 4.enahnces anti-coagulants, diabetics will have elevated glucose, increases digoxin levels 5. take once in morning by itself (same time everyday) 6. taper off 7. don't eat foods with iodine |
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Adrenal Drugs: Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoid, Adrenal steroid inhibitors
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Action:modifies enzyme activity, (glucocoticoids) anti-inflammatory
Use: adrenal insufficiency (addisons), cerebral edema, dermatological diseases, asthma, COPD Dose range: Contra:drug allergies, serious infections, immunosuppression (HIV, cancer), caution w/: GERD, UC & Chrons, diabetes, cardiac/renal/liver disease Side effects:electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia, hypernatremia), CNS: convulsions, headaches, vertigo. mood swings, Endocrine: growth suppression, cushings, menstral irregularities, carbohydrate intolerance, hyperglycemia, GI: ulcers, pancreas, abd. distension Nursing interventions:1. skin impairment (paper thin) 2. risk for osteoporosis (falls,fractures) 3. weight gain (check weights) 4. take medication with food 5. monitor electrolytes and glucose 6. take at same time everyday (usually am) 7. rinse mouth out after taking orally 8. avoid alcohol,aspirin,NSAIDS 10. risk for infection (don't be near sick people) |
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Anti-diabetic drugs: Oral
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Action:lowers blood glucose
Use: DM Type 2 Dose range: Contra:hypoglycemic pt. Side effects: Nursing interventions:1. pt. must make lifestyle changes in diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and weight loss 2. check blood sugar levels before administration 3. monitor blood sugar levels throughout therapy |
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Class:Biguanides:
Drugs: Metformin (Glucophage) |
Action:decreases production of glucose in liver, decreases small intestinal absorption of glucose, increases uptake of glucose by tissues
Use:decreases blood sugar levels (Diabetes) Dose range: Contra: Side effects:primarily GI effects, metallic taste in mouth, reduced vit. B12, lactic acidosis, (RARELY CAUSES HYPOGLYCEMIA) Nursing interventions:1. monitor blood sugar levels 2. |
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Class:Sulfaonylureas:
Drugs: chlorpropamide (diabinese), tolazamide (tolinase), glyburide (DiaBeta, Micronase) |
Action: stimulate insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreas, thus increasing insulin levels
Uses:lowers blood glucose levels for diabetes type 2 Dose range: Contra:diabetes type 1 (must have functioning beta cells) Side effects:hypoglycemic effect increases with alcohol, anabolic steroids, allergic cross-sensitivity may occur with loop diuretics and sulfonamide antibiotics. May cause disulfiram-type reaction (violent vomiting/diarrhea) w/ alcohol, hematologic effects, GI effects, heartburn Nursing interventions:1. check for allergy to sulfa drugs 2. try using biguanides first (less side effects) |
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Class:Glinides:
Drugs:repaglinide (Prandin), nateglinide (starlix) & Class: Thiazolidinediones (glitazones): Drugs: pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
Action:glinides: stimulate insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreas, thus increasing insulin levels. Thiazolidiones: decreases insulin resistance in liver
Uses:decreases blood sugar levels Contra: Side effects:glinides: headache, hypoglycemic effects, dizziness, weight gain, joint pain, upper resp. infection. Thiazolidinediones: moderate weight gain, edema, mild anemia, hepatoxicity Nursing interventions:1. monitor ATL levels (liver function) 2. monitor glucose levels 3. monitor weight 4. works very quick-->food must be at bedside |
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Class: Alpha-Glucoidase Inhibitors:
Drugs: aacarbose (precose), miglitol (glyset) |
Action:reversibly inhibit the enzyme alpha-glucosidase in the small intestine-->results in delayed absorption if glucose
Use: lowers blood sugar levels Contra: Dose range: Side effects:flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain. Does not cause hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, or weight gain Nursing interventions:1. must be taken with meals 2. monitor blood sugar levels 3. monitor dose |
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Drug: Aacarbose (Insulin)
Classification: Alpha-Glucoidase Inhibitor |
route: PO
onset of action: 1-1.5 hr *Peak onset: 2 hr elimination half-life: 2-3hr duration of action: unknown |
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Drug: Glipizide (insulin)
Class: Alpha-Glucoidase Inhibitor |
route: PO
onset of action: 1hr *Peak onset: 1-3hr elimination half-life: 2-5hr duration of action: 6-8hr |
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Drug: Metformin (insulin)
Class: Biguanides |
route: PO
onset of action: less than 1 hr *Peak onset: 1-3hr elimination half-life: 1.5-5hr duration of action: 24hr |
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Drug: Actos (insulin)
Class: Glinides |
route: PO
onset of action: delayed *Peak onset: 2hr elimination half-life: 3-7hr duration of action: unknown |
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Drug: Prandin (insulin)
Class: Glinides |
route: PO
onset of action: 15-60min *Peak onset: 1hr elimination half life: 3-7hr duration of action: 4-6hr |
