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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medications?
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Dietary Supplements- DSHEA defined dietary supplements as a product containing one or more of
the following: a vitamin, mineral, amino acid, herb, other botanical, concentrate, metabolite, constituent, or extract. Herbal Medications- Plants used for medicinal purposes. |
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What claims can manufacturers make regarding Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medications?
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Labels of dietary
supplements are required to state: "this product in not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease." However, product labels are allowed to make health claims, such as "promotes prostate health" or "supports the circulatory system." |
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What is the role of the FDA in the regulation of dietary supplements and herbal medications?
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In the early 1990s the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) attempted to develop more strict regulations for herbal products. This was opposed in a campaign by consumers, supplement manufacturers, and political advocates. The result was a 1994 bill passed by Congress called the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA). In 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued new rules requiring Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) for dietary supplements to be phased in from 2008 to 2010 [19]. The new GMPs require dietary supplements be properly labeled, free of adulterants, and manufactured according to specified standards for personnel and equipment. Production controls and appropriate documentation are required. However, the new rules allow manufacturers, in particular smaller companies, significant flexibility to specify the quality criteria they will follow.
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What are the typical natural resources of each of the following?
Vitamin A Vitamin B6, B12 Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Folic Acid/Folate Co-enzyme Q Calcium Iron Selenium Zinc |
Vitamin A-Liver, beef, carrots, brocolli, sweet potato, butter, spinach, milk, egg, cheese
Vitamin B6- meats, whole grains, vegetables, nuts, and bananas Vitamin B12- fish, shellfish, eggs, milk, milk products Vitamin C-you know these Vitamin D- fatty fish, whole egg, beef liver, mushrooms Vitamin E-green leafy veggies, sunflower oil, nuts and nut oils, broccoli. Vitamin K-green leafy veggies (spinach, cabbage), avocado, kiwi, grapes Folic Acid/Folate-leafy veggies, legumes, egg yolks, sunflower seeds, liver Co-enzyme Q-meat and fish are richest source, vegetable oils Calcium-dairy products Iron-red meats, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leafy veggies Selenium-nuts, cereals, meats, mushrooms, fish, and eggs Zinc-wheat, seeds, nuts, beans |
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Are there any clinical conditions associated with specific deficiency of these substances.
Vitamin A Vitamin B6, B12 Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Folic Acid/Folate Co-enzyme Q Calcium Iron Selenium Zinc |
Vitamin A-Blindness, night blindness
Vitamin B6-dermatologic and neurologic changes. Seborrheic dermatitis, atrophic glossitis, conjunctivitis, neuropathy Vitamin B12- severe and irreversible damage to brain and nervous system, mania, psychoses, associated with pernicious anemia. Vitamin C-Scurvy (collagen abnormalities) Vitamin D-impaired bone mineralization Vitamin E-spinocerebellar ataxia, myopathies, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy Vitamin K-heavy menstrual bleeding, anemia, bruising, bleeding gums or nose Folic Acid/Folate-glossitis, diarrhea, depression, confusion, anemia, fetal neural tube defects Co-enzyme Q- electron transport abnormality Calcium- you know this Iron- iron deficiency anemia Selenium- Keshan disease-cardiomyopathy Zinc-depressed growth, diarrhea, impotence, alopecia, eye and skin leasions, impaired appetite, altered cognitions, impaired immune function. |
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Bitter Orange
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- Heartburn, loss of appetite, nasal congestion, weight loss
o Not enough scientific evidence - Increases HR and BP - Avoid use with drugs that increase HR/BP |
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Kava
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- Anxiety, insomnia, menopause
o Mixed evidence - Linked with risk of severe liver damage |
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Black Cohosh
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- MENOPAUSE: Hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness
o Mixed scientific evidence - Do not use with liver disorders |
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Milk Thistle
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- Liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, gallbladder disorders
o Promotes growth of hepatic cells, anti-inflammatory, fights oxidation - Well tolerated… could cause hypoglycemia in DM |
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Echinacea
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- Prevent/treat colds, flu
o Mixed - Well tolerated, some allergies |
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Saw Palmetto
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- BPH, hormone imbalance
o Good with BPH - Well tolerated |
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Gingko
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- Improving memory in alzheimers, intermittent claudiation, sexual dysfunction
o Doesn’t help memory - HA, nausea, dizziness, diarrhea - Anticoagulants (causes bleeds), gingko seeds cause seizure and death |
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St Johns Wort
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- Depression
o Helps with mild to moderate depression - Increased sensitivity to light - Antidepressants, OCP, cyclosporine, digoxin, indinavir, irinotecan, warfarin |
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Gingseng
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- Stamina, well-being, ED, HCV, menopause, lower serum glucose
o May lower blood glucose - Safe for short term use |
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Valerian
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- Sleep disorders, anxiety
o May help insomnia - Safe for 4-6 weeks |
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Glucosamine
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- Osteoarthritis
o Not effect - Appears safe |
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Yohimbe
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- ED
o No trials have been done - Increased HR, BP, anxiety, dizziness, HA, nausea, vomiting, tremors, sleeplessness - Avoid if on MAOi, kidney problems, psychiatric conditions |
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Horse Chestnut
• What is the purported use(s) of each medication? Is this supported by evidence-based medicine? • Are there any serious adverse effects associated with the medication? • Are there any known drug interactions? |
- Chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, pain, ankle swelling, hemorrhoids
o Beneficial in treating chronic venous insufficiency - Raw seeds/leaves/bark/flowers = poisonous (contain esculin) |
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Are there specific patient groups that can benefit from taking these supplements?
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Calcium in middle aged women
Vitamin D middle aged women iron- iron deficient anemics Folate- alcoholics, obese, women in latin america that will be getting pregnant Vitamin K- hemophiliacs Vitamin B12- anemics |
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Are there any health risks associated with excessive consumption of any of the following?
Vitamin A Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Folic Acid Co-enzyme Q Calcium Iron Selenium Zinc |
vitamin A-Mild: nausea, irritability, blurred vision.
Severe: growth retardation, enlargement of liver and spleen, loss of hair, bone pain, increased pressure in skull, skin changes. vitamin B6- neuropathies vitamin C- indigestion, diarrhea, possible iron toxicity vitamin D- Vitamin D overdose causes hypercalcemia, and the main symptoms of vitamin D overdose are those of hypercalcemia: anorexia, nausea, and vomiting can occur, frequently followed by polyuria, polydipsia, weakness, nervousness, pruritus, and, ultimately, renal failure. Calcium-hypercalcemia Iron-The first indication of iron poisoning by ingestion is a pain in the stomach, as the stomach lining becomes ulcerated. This is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The pain then abates for 24 hours as the iron passes deeper into the body and damages internal organs, particularly the brain and the liver, and metabolic acidosis develops. The body goes into shock and death from liver failure. Selenium-garlic odor on the breath, gastrointestinal disorders, hair loss, sloughing of nails, fatigue, irritability, and neurological damage |
