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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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water soluble vitamins
-act as specific conenzymes |
-B-complex:thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, cobalamin, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid
-C=reducing agent |
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Fat soluble
-DEAK |
-A and D are for hormones
-E is and antioxidant -K is a cofactor |
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thiamine B1
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-needed for CHO metabolism
-deficiency (beri beri)= poor memory, peripheral neuritis skeletal muscle atrophy, deficiency often occurs in alcoholism |
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riboflavin B2
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-needed for respiratory flavoproteins
-deficiency = stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis. Isolated riboflavin deficiency is rare -usually occurs in combination w/ deficiency for the other water-soluble vitamins |
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niacin, nicotinic acid (B3)
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-needed for formation of NAD and NADP for oxidation-reduction reactions
-deficiency = pellegra = 3D's = dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia |
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pyridoxine (B6)
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-pyridoxine (B6) - a coenzyme for many reactions
-deficiency = seborrheic skin lesions, anemia, peripheral neuritis and convulsions in children -Both isoniazid and hydralazine have anti- B6 properties and can cause symptoms of B6 deficiency |
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cobalamin (B12)
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-cobalamin (B12) - needed for formation methylmalonyl CoA and succinyl CoA and folate regeneration
-deficiency = megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented polymorphonuclear leukocytes, neurological syndrome = paresthesias in distal extremities, memory loss, sensory disturbances, spastic ataxia caused by demyelination of the nerve fibers of the dorsolateral spinal column |
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pantothenic acid
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-pantothenic acid - needed for CoA synthesis
-deficiency is rare, but it does aoccur in patients with alcoholism = neuromuscular degeneration, adrenal insufficiency and "burning feet" syndrome |
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folic acid
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-folic acid - needed for synthesis of tetrahydrofolate (THF), and acceptor of one-carbon units; THF needed for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids
-deficiency = megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects |
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vitamin C
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-needed for collagen synthesis
-deficiency = scurVy = loose teeth, gingivitis, hemorrhage, swollen joints |
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retinol (vitamin A)
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-retinol (vitamin A) - needed for retinal photoreceptors, epithelial differentiation.
-deficiency = skin lesions, night blindness, xerophthalmia (dry cornea), corneal ulceration. -excess = dry pruritic skin, hyperostosis, anorexia, headache, teratogenesis |
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vitamin D - D2 from plants; D3 from animals; D3 also synthesized in skin
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- needed for formation of 1,25 dihydroxy D3 which promotes GI Ca++ absorption and osteolclast activity and decreases renal Ca++ excretion
-deficiency = rickets (children) and osteomalacia (adults -excess = renal damage, calcification of soft tissue including the CV system |
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vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
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-vitamin K1 (phytonadione) - needed for post-translational gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residues of clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10 to make them active
-Used an an antidote to warfarin -deficiency = hemorrhage |
