Pharm Review 1

Front 1

Name the routes of drug administration

Back 1

enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal)
parenteral (intravascular- IV or IA)
subcutaneoas(sc)
other (inhalation, intranasal,intrathecal /intraventricular,topical,transdermal)

Front 2

effect of pH on drug absorption

Back 2

henderson-hasselbach equation:
ph=pKa+log(non-protonated species/(protonated species)

Front 3

bioavailibilty

Back 3

is fraction of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation (70%)
(= AUC oral/AUC injected x100)

Front 4

factors that influence bioaivailibilty

Back 4

- first-pass hepatic metabolism (eg propanolol,
lidocain)
- solubility of drug (eg hydrophilic & very hydrophobic poorly absorbed)
chemical instability (eg penicillin G, Insulin)
- nature of drug formation (particle salt, salt form

Front 5

Bioequivalence

Back 5

if drugs show comparable bioavaililibity and similar times to achieve peak blood concentration

Front 6

therapeutic equivalence

Back 6

have comparable efficacy and safety

Front 7

drug distribution depends on

Back 7

blood flow
capillary permeability (capillary structure & drug structure)
binding of drugs to proteins

Front 8

blood brain barrier

Back 8

-lipid soluble durgs readily penetrate into the CNS
-ionized or polar drugs fail

Front 9

Volume of Distribution (Vd)

Back 9

Vd = D/C (in absence of elimination)
D = total amount of drug in the body

C = Plasma concentration of the drug

Front 10

Binding capacity of albumin

Back 10

low capacity =(1 drug molecule per albumin
molecule)
high capacity =(a number of drug molecules per albumin molecule)

Front 11

Class I drugs

Back 11

= if the dose of drug is less than the binding capacity of albumin

Front 12

Class II drugs

Back 12

= if the dose of drug is greater than the binding capacity of albumin

Front 13

drug displacement

Back 13

= if class I and class II drugs are given simultaneously

Front 14

drug metabolism

Back 14

kinetics
- first-order
v= Vmax[C]/Km+[C]
-Zero-order (aspirin, ethanol, phenytoin)
v = Vmax[C]/[C]=Vmax
v+

Front 15

reactions of drug metabolism

Back 15

Phase I
- phase I utilizing the p450 system
-phase I not involving P450
Phase II
- consist of conjugatioin reactions