Pharm Quiz 8

Front 1

Methimazole

Back 1

Antithyroid

Inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormone by accumulation

Use: Hyperthyroidism; prior to thyroid surgery or radiotherapy

SE: Hypothyroidism; arthralgia; pancytopenia

Front 2

Propylthiouracil

Back 2

Antithyroid

Interferes with use of iodine; blocks synthesis of T3 and T4

Use: Hyperthyroidism; iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis; thyroiditis; shrink thyroid before surgery

SE: HA, vertigo, loss of taste

Front 3

Potassium Iodide

Back 3

Antithyroid

Saturates the thyroid gland; inhibits hyperplastic thyroid gland

Use: Hyperthyroidism

SE: GI, irregular HR

Front 4

Levothyroxine

Back 4

Thyroid

Synthetic form of thyroxine (T4): mimics activity of thyroid hormone; regulates basal metabolic rate

Use: Hypothyroidism

SE: Osteoporosis, arrhythmia

Front 5

Liothyronin

Back 5

Thyroid

Use: Hypothyroidism

Front 6

Liotrix

Back 6

Thyroid

T4 + T3

Use: Hypothyroidism

Front 7

Humalog (lispro)

Back 7

Diabetes (rapid acting)

increase peripheral uptake, SkM and fat tissues, dereases glycogenolysis (onset: 5-10 min, duration 2-4 hours)

Use: Diabetes melitus

SE: hypoglycemia, allergy, lipodystrophy

Front 8

Humalin R

Back 8

Diabetes (short acting)

highly soluble (onset: 30-60 min, duration 5-7 hours)

Use: emergent diabetic ketoacidosis or coma; initiate therapy in combination with other insulins

SE: hypoglycemia

Front 9

Humalin N (isophane)

Back 9

Diabetes (intermediate acting)

onset: 1-2 hours, duration: 10-16 hours)

Use: Diabetes melitus

Front 10

Lantus

Back 10

Diabetes (long acting)

decrease glycogenolysis (onset: 2 hours, duration; 24+ hours)

Use: Diabetes melitus

SE: hypoglycemia, itch, rash, hypokalemia, lipodystrophy

Front 11

Chlorpropamide
Tolbutamide

Back 11

Diabetes: Sulfonylurea (1st gen)

Stimulate insulin release; inhibit glucose synth. from aa and FA; increase number of insulin receptors

Use: Mild to moderate DM2

SE: Hypoglycemia, blur, GI

Front 12

Glipizide
Glyburide

Back 12

Diabetes: Sulfonylurea (2nd gen)

Stimulate insulin release; inhibit glucose synth. from aa and FA; increase number of insulin receptors

Use: Mild to moderate DM2

SE: Hypoglycemia, blur, GI

Front 13

Metformin

Back 13

Diabetes: Biguanide

promote glucose uptake by increasing insulin receptor binding; decrease gluconeogenesis; slow glucose absorption, increase glucose removal

Use:DM2 - keeps blood sugar levels from rising too high or too fast after meals

SE: Anorexia, GI

Front 14

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone

Back 14

Diabetes: Thiazolidinedione

Improves cells sensitivity to insulin by stim. of receptor in SkM, liver, and fat cells

Use: Adjuncts to diet for DM2

SE: hepatoxicity, edema, anemia

Front 15

Acarbose
Miglitol

Back 15

Diabetes

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor: inhibits absorption of sugar from GI

Use: Can be used in combo with Sulfornylurea

SE: GI, gas, hypoglycemia
Diabetes

Front 16

Pramlintide Acetate
Exenatide
Sitagliptin

Back 16

Diabetes

Other mechanism

Front 17

Dexamethaxone
Hydrocortisone
Prednisolone
Prednisone
Triamcinolone

Back 17

Corticosteroids

Anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive

Use: Addison's disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia; rheumatic, inflammatory, allergic, neoplastic, other; Topical: pruritis, psoriasis, eczema

SE: insomnia, behavioral changes, acute peptic ulcer; Cushing's, acne; osteoporosis, diabetes, delayed healing, cataracts, glaucoma

Front 18

Aminoglutethimide

Back 18

Cushing's Disease

Biosynthetic inhibitor

Front 19

Ketoconazole

Back 19

Cushing's Disease

Biosynthetic inhibitor

decreases testosterone prod.

Front 20

Mifepristone

Back 20

Cushing's Disease

Steroid receptor antagonist

Front 21

Estradiol
Estrone
Estriol

Back 21

Estrogen

Stimulate DNA and RNA synthesis

Use: Replacement estrogen therapy; osteoporosis; palliative therapy; abnormal bleeding; atrophic vaginitis

SE: Anorexia, HA, changes in libido, feminization

Front 22

Ethinyl estradiol
Mestranol

Back 22

Steroidal Estrogen

Estrogen agonist

Use: Used in combination with oral contraceptives

Front 23

Raloxifene

Back 23

Non-steroidal Estrogen

Selective Estrogen receptor modulator (antagonist)

Use: Treatment and prevention of osteoporosis

Front 24

Clomiphene

Back 24

Non-steroidal Estrogen

Selective Estrogen receptor modulator (antagonist)

Use: Induces ovulation

Front 25

Tamoxifen

Back 25

Non-steroidal Estrogen

Selective Estrogen receptor modulator (antagonist)

Use: Treatment and prevention of breast cancer

Front 26

Hydroxyprogesterone
Megestrol

Back 26

Progestin

Transforms endometrium; suppresses gonadotropin; promote mammary gland development; increases ovulation

Use: secondary amenorrhea; endometriosis; premenstrual syndrome

SE: vaginal candidiasis; chloasma; depression; change in vision; ptosis

Front 27

Norethindrone

Back 27

Progestin

Transforms endometrium; suppresses gonadotropin; promote mammary gland development; increases ovulation

Use: secondary amenorrhea; endometriosis; premenstrual syndrome; oral contraception

SE: vaginal candidiasis; chloasma; depression; change in vision; ptosis

Front 28

Aminoglutethimide

Back 28

Aromatase inhibitor

Aromatase inhibitor

Use: Treats cancer

Front 29

Mifepristone

Back 29

Contragestational agent

anti-progestin

Use: contragestation

Front 30

Methyltestosterone

Back 30

Androgen

Anabolic activity

Use: Correct hypogonadism, increase sperm prod, cryptorchidism, breast cancer, endometriosis, postpartem breast enlargement, fibrocystic breast disorder

SE: Insomnia, excitation, GI, increases libido

Front 31

Nandrolone
Stanozolol

Back 31

Anabolic steroid

Anabolic activity

Use: Correct hypogonadism, increase sperm prod, cryptorchidism, breast cancer, endometriosis, postpartem breast enlargement, fibrocystic breast disorder

SE: Insomnia, excitation, GI, increases libido

Front 32

Spinorolactone

Back 32

Anti-androgens

reduce activity of cytochrome P450 in testes

Front 33

Flutamide

Back 33

Androgen antagonist

antagonize androgen receptors

Front 34

Finasteride

Back 34

Anti-androgens

reduces prostate dihydrotestosterone

Use: benign prostatic hyperplasia - decreases prostate size

Front 35

Dutasteride

Back 35

Anti-androgens

competitive inhibitor of 5alpha reductase

Front 36

The endocrine system is composed of:

Back 36

Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
parathyroid
thyroid
Heart
thymus
adrenal gland
kidney
pancreas
ovary/testes

Front 37

The endocrine system functions

Back 37

a complex communication system that maintains homeostasis throughout the body.

growth, maturation, reproduction, metabolism, & human behavior.

Front 38

Hypothalamus

Back 38

part of CNS
releasing hormones (peptides)

Corticotropin-RH, GHRH, thyrotropin-RH

consists of a diverse group of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the circulation

Front 39

endorcrine glands

Back 39

pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, islets, ovaries, testes

Front 40

For a hormone to elicit a response, it must

Back 40

interact with specific receptors on the cells of the target organ

Front 41

Adrenal Gland Cortex

Back 41

aldosterone -- maintains salt and water balance

cortisol -- regulates carbohydrate and protein metabolism

Front 42

Adrenal Gland Medulla

Back 42

Epi & NE -- initiates body stress response and response to danger (fight-or-flight)

Front 43

Ovaries

Back 43

Estrogen -- regulates females secondary sex characteristics

Progesterone -- maintains growth of uterine lining

Front 44

Pancreas - islets of langerhans

Back 44

Glucagon -- stimulates release of glucose

Insulin -- stimulates absorption of glucose

Front 45

Parathyroid glands

Back 45

parathyroid hormone -- increases blood calcium concentration

Front 46

Pineal

Back 46

melatonin- regulates sleep patterns

Front 47

Testes

Back 47

androgens-- testosterone-- regulates male secondary sex characteristics

Front 48

Thymus

Back 48

thymosin-- stimulates T-cell formation

Front 49

Thyroid

Back 49

thyroxine, triiodothyronine -- increase cellular metabolic rates