Pharm Quiz 4 - Details About Drugs

Front 1

Sulfonamides:
Mechanism of Action

Back 1

Inhibit Folic Acid Synthesis
(Inhibit Pteridine Synthetase at PABA step)
(Humans get FA from diet, bacteria must synthesize)

Front 2

What does Trimethaprim do?

Back 2

Inhibits Folic Acid synthesis at a different location than sulfonamides.

It inhibits conversion of dihydrofolate into folinic acid.

Front 3

Sulfonamides: Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?

Back 3

Bacteriostatic

Front 4

Sulfonamides: Side Effects

Back 4

PHOTOSENSITIVITY
GI
Loss of Appetite
Blood dyscrasias

Front 5

Sulfonamides: Don't Prescribe if:

Back 5

Hypersensitivity/Allergy

Front 6

Sulfonamides: Educate Patient about:

Back 6

Taking on an empty stomach
Sunburn due to photosensitivity

Front 7

Penicillins:
Mechanism of Action

Back 7

Interfere with synthesis of peptidoglycans, building blocks

Front 8

Penicillins:
Target what type of bacteria?

Back 8

Gram Positive Bacteria
(Staph, Strep)

Front 9

Penicillins are commonly used to treat which diseases?

Back 9

UTI
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Syphillis
Pneumonia

Front 10

Penicillins: Side Effects

Back 10

Hypersensitivity, Thrush (black tongue), GI

Front 11

Penicillin: Drug Interference

Back 11

Birth Control Pills

Front 12

Penicillins: Educate Patient about:

Back 12

Taking on an empty stomach except for Amoxicillin (take with a meal)

Front 13

Cephalosporins:
Mechanism of Action

Back 13

Damages Cell Walls
(more for gram positive bacteria, but some gram negative bacteria)

Front 14

Cephalosporins: Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?

Back 14

Bacteriocidal

Front 15

Cephalosporins: What happens as generations increase?

Back 15

Mainly decrease in ablity to kill gram negative bacteria

Front 16

Cephalosporins: Used to treat what?

Back 16

Not commonly used as drug of first choice.

1st and 2nd generation in surgeries for preventative uses.

Front 17

Cephalosporins: Side Effects

Back 17

Hypersensitivity (fever, hives, anaphylaxis)
Cross Sensitivity w/Penicillin
Yeast Infections

Front 18

Cephalosporins:
Drug Interactions

Back 18

Estrogen-contraceptives
When taken with Flurosemide causes nephrotoxicity

Front 19

Cephalosporin:
Educate patient about

Back 19

Take on an empty stomach

Front 20

Aminoglycosides:
Mechanism of Action

Back 20

Bind 30S Bacterial Ribosomes to arrest protein synthesis.

Front 21

Aminoglycosides:
Targets what kind of bacteria?
And what about spectrum?

Back 21

Gram Negative
Broad

Front 22

Aminoglycoside:
Uses

Back 22

Before Abdominal Surgery
Ophthalmic
Otic

Front 23

Aminoglycosides:
Side Effects

Back 23

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity

Front 24

Aminoglycosides:
Contraindications

Back 24

Pregnancy
Hearing Loss

Front 25

Aminoglycosides:
Drug Interaction

Back 25

Taken with Ethacrynic Acid causes otoxicity

Front 26

Macrolides:
Mechanism of Action

Back 26

Bind 50S bacterial ribosomes, and inhibit protein synthesis

Front 27

Macrolides:
Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal

Back 27

Bacteriostatic at low doses
Bacteriocidal at high doses

Front 28

Macrolides:
Work against what type of bacteria?
Examples of specifics?

Back 28

Gram positive and gram negative
chlamidiae
mycoplasma
ligionellae
rickettsia
spirochetes

Front 29

Macrolides:
Used to treat

Back 29

Pneumonia
Ulcers
Syphyllis
UTI

Front 30

Macrolides:
Side Effects

Back 30

GI
Hepatoxicity (rare)

Front 31

Macrolides:
Drug Interference

Back 31

Theophylline, Cyclosporine, steroids

Front 32

Macrolides:
Educate patient about

Back 32

Taking on an empty stomach

Front 33

Fluoroquinolones:
Mechanism of Action

Back 33

Inhibits DNA gyrase/DNA synthesis

Front 34

Fluoroquinolones:
Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal

Back 34

Bacteriocidal

Front 35

Fluoroquinolones:
Work on what kind of bacteria?

Back 35

Gram positive and Gram negative

Front 36

Fluoroquinolones:
Used to treat

Back 36

UTI
Gonorrhea
Anthrax
RTI

Front 37

Fluoroquinolones:
Side Effects

Back 37

PHOTOSENSITIVITY
GI
Rashes
Damage to young cartilage

Front 38

Fluoroquinolones:
Drug Interaction

Back 38

There is decreased absorption of fluoroquinolones when taken with antacids.

Front 39

Fluoroquinolones:
Educate Patient about

Back 39

Expecting visual disturbances (CNS toxicity)

Front 40

Tetracyclines:
Mechanism of Action

Back 40

Interfere with 30S bacterial ribosome, inhibits protein synthesis

Front 41

Tetracyclines:
Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal

Back 41

Bacteriostatic

Front 42

Tetracyclines:
Type of bacteria
Specific bacteria

Back 42

Gram Positive and Gram Negative

mycobacteria
rickettsia
chlamydia

Front 43

Tetracyclines:
Used to treat

Back 43

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Typhus Fever
Chlamydial Infection
Cholera
Amebiasis

Front 44

Tetracyclines:
Doxycycline treats

Back 44

Traveler's Diarrhea

Front 45

Tetracyclines:
Side Effects

Back 45

PHOTOSENSITIVITY
Bowel superinfection
Staph superinfection
Graying of teeth (impairs
bone growth)

Front 46

Tetracyclines:
Contraindications

Back 46

Less than 8 Years Old
Pregnancy
Lactation

Front 47

Tetracyclines:
Drug Interference

Back 47

Tetracyclines are less effective when taken with Phenytoin or Barbituates

Front 48

Tetracyclines:
Educate patient about

Back 48

Taking on an empty stomach
Avoiding sun (10am-2pn)

Front 49

Purpose for Miscellaneous Antibiotics

Back 49

Used as a second line because of resistance, toxicity, and specificity of some antibiotics to certain organisms.

Front 50

Chloramphenicol:
Mechanism of Action

Back 50

Inhibits 50S Bacterial Ribosomes, inhibits protein sythesis

Front 51

Chloramphenicol:
Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal

Back 51

Bacteriostatic

Front 52

Chloramphenicol:
Specific Bacteria

Back 52

Rickettsia
Chlamydia

Front 53

Chloramphenicol:
Specifics

Back 53

Only used for SERIOUS infection

Drug of Choice for Typhoid Fever

Front 54

Chloramphenicol:
Side Effects

Back 54

Bone Marrow Problems
Gray-baby syndrome

Front 55

Chloramphenicol:
Drug Interaction

Back 55

dicoumarol
tolbutamide
phenytoin

Front 56

Chloramphenicol:
Educate Patient about

Back 56

taking on an empty stomach

Front 57

Clindamycin:
Mechanism of Action

Back 57

Inhibits protein synthesis

Front 58

Clindamycin:
Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal

Back 58

Bacteriostatic

Front 59

Clindamycin:
Bacteria type

Back 59

Gram postive and some anaerobes

Front 60

Clindamycin:
Uses

Back 60

Penicillin resistant alternative
Topical for acne vulgaris

Front 61

Clindamycin:
Side Effects

Back 61

GI
Pseudomembranous colitis

Front 62

Clinamycin:
Educate Patient about

Back 62

Taking on empty stomach

Front 63

Linezolid:
Mechanism of Action

Back 63

Inhibits protein synthesis

Front 64

Linezolid:
Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal

Back 64

Bacteriostatic

Front 65

Linezolid:
Bacteria Type
Specific types

Back 65

Gram Positive

Staph
Strep
Enterococci
(Especially Gram Positive Drug Resistant)

Front 66

Linezolid:
Side Effects

Back 66

GI
Leukopenia

Front 67

Linezolid:
Drug Interactions

Back 67

Dopamine
Epinephrine
Tyramine
Causes high blood pressure

Front 68

Linezolid:
Found in

Back 68

Aged Cheese, Air-dried Meats, Chocolate, Fish, Sauercraut, tap beer, red wines, and soy sauce.

Front 69

Spectinomycin:
Mechanism of Action

Back 69

Inhibits protein synthesis

Front 70

Spectinomycin:
Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal

Back 70

Bacteriostatic

Front 71

Spectinomycin:
Bacteria Type

Back 71

Gram Positive and Gram Negative

Front 72

Spectinomycin:
Uses

Back 72

Uncomplicated gonorrhea (penicillin alternative)

Front 73

Spectinomycin:
Side Effects

Back 73

Headaches
Dizziness
Chills

Front 74

Vancomycin:
Mechanism of Action

Back 74

Suppresses cell wall synthesis

Front 75

Vancomycin:
Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal

Back 75

Bacteriocidal

Front 76

Vancomycin:
Uses (many)

Back 76

For Severe Infections
Methcillin-Resistant Staph
Pen-/Ceph- Allergy
Osteomyelitis
Endocarditis
Staph Pneumonia
Pseudomembranous Colitis

Front 77

Vancomycin:
Side Effects (many)

Back 77

Otoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Chills
Fever
Nausea
Rashes

Front 78

Mupirocin:
Mechanism of action

Uses

Bacteria Type

Back 78

Inhibits protein synthesis, by inhibiting Leu tRNA

Topical agent used to treat cutaneous streptococcal and staphtococcal infection.

Gram + and some Gram -

Front 79

Drugs that Affect 50S Bacterial Ribosomes

Back 79

Aminoglycosides Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Ketolides
Oxazolidinones
Streptogramins

Front 80

Drugs that Affect 30S Bacterial Ribosomes

Back 80

Aminoglycosides
Spectinomycin
Tetracyclines

Front 81

Mycobacterial Infections

Back 81

Tuberculosis
Leprosy

Front 82

Tuberculosis:
Caused by what bacterium

Back 82

Mycobacterium tuberculosis: acid-fast aerobic bacillus

Front 83

Tuberculosis:
Found in what part of the body?

Back 83

Lungs and Lymph Nodes

Front 84

Tuberculosis:
Found mostly under what conditions?

Back 84

malnourished people in crowded areas
Immune deficient people: HIV or on immunosuppressants for organ transplants.

Front 85

Isoniazid:
Mechanism of Action

Back 85

Interferes with protein, nucleic acid, and lipid synthesis.

Front 86

Isoniazid:
Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal

Back 86

Bacteriocidal

Front 87

Isoniazid:
Strength compared to other antimycobacterials

Back 87

Most Potent and Most Selective

Front 88

Isoniazid:
Uses

Back 88

For treatment and prevention of tuberculosis infection

Front 89

Isoniazid:
Side Effects

Back 89

OPTIC NEURITIS
insomnia
hepatitis

Front 90

Isoniazid:
Drug Interference

Back 90

Taken with bilirubin serum causes jaundice

Front 91

Isoniazid:
Educate Patient About

Back 91

Possible visual change

Front 92

Ethambutol:
Mechanism of Action

Back 92

Inhibits RNA synthesis

Front 93

Ethambutol:
Mycobacteria type

Back 93

tubercle bacilli

Front 94

Ethambutol:
Uses

Back 94

Use against INH or streptomycin resistant tuberculosis

Front 95

Ethambutol:
Side Effects

Back 95

OPTIC NEURITIS
COLOR VISION CHANGE

Front 96

Rifampin:
Mechanism of Action

Back 96

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase

Front 97

Rifampin:
Uses

Back 97

Broad Spectrum Antimycobacterial

Initial TB treatment

Front 98

Rifampin:
Side Effects

Back 98

Reddish Orange Body Fluids

Front 99

Rifampin:
Educate Patients About

Back 99

Possible Stains on Contact Lenses

Front 100

Pyrazinamide:
Mechanism of Action

Back 100

Unknown to us

Front 101

Pyrazinamide:
Uses

Back 101

Use in combo with isoniazid and rifampin to treat tuberculosis

Use to treat advanced tuberculosis

Front 102

Pyrazinamide:
Side Effects

Back 102

Hapatoxicity (it's quite toxic)

Front 103

Leprosy (Hanson's Disease):
Organism that Causes It

Back 103

Mycobacterium leprae

Front 104

Leprosy:
Transmission

Back 104

Respiratory and some skin contact

Front 105

Leprosy:
Incubation period

Back 105

Can be years
(multiplies slowly)

Front 106

Leprosy:
Body parts affected

Back 106

Skin and peripheral nerves in cooler parts of the body (hands and fingers)

Front 107

Leprosy:
Curable?

Back 107

Yes, with multidrug therapy

Front 108

Dapsone:
Mechanism of Action

Back 108

inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase in folic acid synthesis

Front 109

Dapsome:
Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal

Back 109

Bacteriostatic

Front 110

Dapsome:
Uses

Back 110

Antileprosy

Front 111

Clofazimine:
Mechanism of Action

Back 111

Unknown

Front 112

Clofazimine:
Uses

Back 112

Antileprosy

Front 113

Minocycline:
Use

Back 113

Antileprosy

Front 114

Ways to prevent and treat viruses?

Back 114

Prevent: Vaccines
Treat: Antivirals (limited #)

Front 115

4 Classes of Antivirals

Back 115

1)Fusion inhibitors
2)Nucleoside RT inhibitors
3)Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors
4)Protease inhibitors

Front 116

HIV:
Type of Virus

Back 116

RNA Retrovirus

Front 117

HIV:
Type of Cells Infected

Back 117

CD4 (Helper T) Cells

Front 118

HIV:
What kind of treatment

Back 118

HAART: Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy which increases CD4 levels and reduces viral load (by interfering with replication of RNA)

Front 119

HIV:
Drug Combo

Back 119

3-4 Drugs
Nucleoside Analogues
Non-nucleoside Analogues
Protease Inhibitors

Front 120

Adenovirus:
DNA or RNA

Clinical Examples

Back 120

DNA

Upper respiratory tract and EYE INFECTIONS

Front 121

Herpesvirus:
DNA or RNA

Clinical Examples

Back 121

DNA

Genital Herpes
Varicella
Mononucleosis
RETINITIS

Front 122

Papillomavirus:
DNA or RNA

Clinical Examples

Back 122

Warts
Cancer

Front 123

Influenzavirus:
DNA or RNA

Clinical Examples

Back 123

RNA

Influenza (flu)

Front 124

Retrovirus:
DNA or RNA

Clinical Examples

Back 124

RNA

Leukemia, AIDS

Front 125

Antiviral Targets (8)

Back 125

1)Block viral attachment to
cells
2)Block uncoating of virus
3)Inhibiit viral DNA/RNA
synthesis
4)Inhibit viral protein
synthesis
5)Inhibit viral enzymes
6)Inhibit viral release
7)Inhibit viral assembly
8)Stimulate Host Immune System

Front 126

Acyclovir:
Mechanism of Action

Back 126

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis (viral mulitplication)

Front 127

Acyclovir:
Type of Antiviral

Back 127

Nucleoside Analogue
(Synthetic Guanosine Analogue)

Front 128

Acyclovir:
Uses

Back 128

Treat HSV 1 and 2
Treats Herpes zoster
(Shingles and Chickenpox)

Front 129

Acyclovir:
Side Effects

Back 129

GI UPSET
Vertigo
Headaches
Hair Loss

Front 130

Valacyclovir:
What is it?

Back 130

Valtrex
A type of acyclovir... treats herpes.

Front 131

Amantadine:
Mechanism of Action

Back 131

Inhibits repilcation
- inhibits viral attachment
- blocks viral uncoating

Front 132

Amantadine:
Uses

Back 132

Treats :
Influenza A
RTI
Parkinson's

Front 133

Amantadine:
Side Effects

Back 133

Insomnia
Ataxia
Confusion

Front 134

Didanosine:
Mechanism of Action
Type of Antiviral

Back 134

Inhibits HIV replication It's a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

Front 135

Didanosine:
Uses

Back 135

Treatment of advanced HIV infection
For patients intolerant/resistant to AZT

Front 136

Didanosine:
Side Effects

Back 136

Peripheral Neuropathies
Pancreatitis

Front 137

Ribavirin:
Mechanism of Action

Back 137

Inhibits Viral Nucleic Acid Synthesis

Front 138

Ribavirin:
Type of Antiviral

Back 138

Nucleoside Analogue

Front 139

Ribavirin:
DNA or RNA viruses?

Back 139

Both, very broad

Front 140

Ribavirin:
Uses

Back 140

Viral Pneumonia

Front 141

Ribavirin:
Side Effects

Back 141

Abdominal Cramps
Jaundice

Front 142

Ganciclovir:
Mechanism of Action

Back 142

Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase

Front 143

Ganciclovir:
Type of Antivirus

Back 143

Nucleoside Analogue
(Synthetic Purine)

Front 144

Ganciclovir:
Uses

Back 144

Treat Cyclomegalovirus Infection
Treat Retinitis

Front 145

Ganciclovir:
Side Effects

Back 145

Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Anemia

Front 146

Foscanet:
What Kind of Drug

Back 146

Similar to Ganciclovir?

Front 147

Zidovudine:
Mechanism of Action

Back 147

Terminates Viral Replication

Front 148

Zidovudine:
Type of Antivirus

Back 148

Nucleoside Analogue
(nucleoside:azidothymadine)

Front 149

Zidovudine:
Uses

Back 149

Antisymptomatic HIV infections
Prevents perinatal transfer
of HIV

Front 150

Zidovudine:
Drug Interaction

Back 150

NSAIDs and paracetamol inhibit AZT metabolism