Pharm Quiz 4

Front 1

Albuterol

Back 1

- (Proventil®, Ventolin®)

Indication – reversible airway obstruction (asthma)
MOA - 2 agonist at bronchial smooth muscle

Front 2

Triamcinolone

Back 2

(Azmacort®)

Indication – reversible airway obstruction (asthma)

– decreased mediator synthesis, release, and infiltration of inflammatory cells

Front 3

Hydrocortisone

Back 3

(Cortef®, SoluCortef®)

Indication – adrenocortical insufficiency, other uses

– glucocorticoid > mineralocorticoid

Front 4

Cyclosporine

Back 4

(Sandimmune®, GenGraf®, Neoral®)

Indication – immunosuppression s/p transplantation

Mechanism – binds cyclophilin, then inhibits calcineurin required for IL-2 production and T-cell proliferation

Front 5

Tacrolimus

Back 5

(ProGraf®)

Indication – immunosuppression s/p transplantation

Mechanism – binds FKBP12, then inhibits calcineurin required for IL-2 production and T-cell proliferation

Front 6

Aspirin

Back 6

Indication – pain associated with inflammation

Mechanism – inhibits cyclo-oxygenase (COX)

Front 7

Ibuprofen

Back 7

(Motrin®, Advil®, others)

Indication – pain associated with inflammation

Mechanism – inhibits cyclo-oxygenase

Front 8

Celecoxib

Back 8

(Celebrex®)

Indication – acute pain, dysmenorrhea, arthritis

Mechanism – inhibits COX-2

Front 9

Penicillin G + Penicillin V

Back 9

G - given IV; V - given PO

Indication – infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria including Streptococci and Neisseria

MOA – PBP binding  cell lysis and death

Front 10

Cephalexin

Back 10

(Keflex®, Keftab®)

Indication – infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria including Staphylococci and Streptococci

MOA – PBP (penicillin binding protein) binding - causes cell wall lysis and dea

Front 11

Cefotaxime

Back 11

(Claforan®)

Indication – infections caused by susceptible strains of GN bacteria including Neisseria, Hemophilus, Proteus, Salmonella, Klebsiella, and Serratia

MOA – PBP binding  cell lysis and death

Front 12

Imipenem

Back 12

(Primaxin®)

- a prototype for the carbapenems

Indication – infections caused by susceptible strains of GP cocci, GN bacilli and cocci, and mixed aerobic/anaerobic infections - (can treat gram + gram -, mixed, etc, so it was touted as the most amazing drug, when first reteased); great for at first, when you don’t know what is causing the infection, but n

MOA – PBP binding causing cell lysis and death

Front 13

Vancomycin

Back 13

(Vancocin®, Vancoled®)

Indication – serious infections caused by MRSA or MRSE, or infections caused by susceptible strains of GP bacteria in patients with beta-lactam allergy

MOA – binding to cell wall precursor molecules  cell lysis and death

Front 14

Gentamicin

Back 14

(Garamycin®)

Indication – serious infections caused by susceptible strains of GN (gram negative) bacilli; it’s the high conc. that kills the drug

MOA – binding to 30-S ribosomal subunit to disrupt bacterial protein synthesis

Front 15

Daptomycin

Back 15

Indication - infections by suceptible GP bacteria

MOA - inserts into cell membrane to form a channel that allows K efflux which depolarizes cell and reduces protein synthesis

Front 16

Erythromycin

Back 16

Indication – infections caused by susceptible strains of GP and some GN bacteria

MOA – binding to 50-S ribosomal subunit to disrupt bacterial protein synthesis

Front 17

Tetracycline

Back 17

ndication – infections caused by susceptible strains of GP and GN organisms including Rickettsia, spirochetes, Chlamydia, Mycloplasma, and Vibrio

MOA – binding to 30-S ribosomal subunit to disrupt bacterial protein synthesis

Front 18

Clindamycin

Back 18

(Cleocin®)

Indication – infections caused by susceptible anaerobes and some strains of GP aerobes

MOA – binding to 50-S ribosomal subunit to disrupt bacterial protein synthesis (overlaps macrolide site)

Front 19

Linezolid

Back 19

(Zyvox®)

Indication – severe infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains of GP organisms (e.g., VRE, MRSA); usually in pts who can’t take vanco or b-lactam drugs

MOA – binding to 50-S ribosomal subunit (23-S portion) to disrupt bacterial protein synthesis

Front 20

Ciprofloxacin

Back 20

Cipro®)

Indication – infections caused by susceptible GN and some GP organisms

MOA – inhibits DNA gyrase, preventing DNA supercoiling

Front 21

Metronidazole

Back 21

(Flagyl®)

Indication – infections caused by susceptible anaerobes including B. fragilis, C. difficile, and strains of Fusobacterium, Peptococcus, and Peptostreptococcus

MOA – causes strand breaks in DNA structure

Front 22

Sulfamethoxazole

Back 22

- a sulfonamide

Indication – infections caused by susceptible GP cocci, GN bacilli

MOA – inhibits folic acid synthesis required for growth; but at a different step in the process than trimethoprim does

Front 23

Trimethoprim

Back 23

(Proloprim®)

Indication – infections caused by susceptible GP bacilli and GN bacilli and some protozoa

MOA – inhibits folic acid synthesis required for growth; but at a different step in the process than sulfamethoxazole does

Front 24

Co-trimoxazole

Back 24

(Bactrim®, Cotrim®, Septra®)

Indication – infections caused by susceptible organisms

(from E. coli to Yersinia pestis)

MOA – synergistic effect on folic acid metabolism

Front 25

Isoniazid

Back 25

(Nydrazid®)

Indication – infections caused by susceptible strains of Mycobacterium including M. tuberculosis

MOA – inhibits mycolic acid needed for cell wall (bactericidal in dividing cells, bacteriostatic in dormant cells)

Front 26

Rifampin

Back 26

(Rifadin®)

Indication – infections caused by susceptible strains of Mycobacterium including M. tuberculosis; also some GN

MOA – inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase to decrease RNA and protein synthesis (bactericidal)

Front 27

Ethambutol

Back 27

(Myambutol®)

Indication – infections caused by susceptible strains of Mycobacterium including M. tuberculosis

MOA – inhibits mycolic acid for cell wall (bacteriostatic)

Front 28

Pyrazinamide

Back 28

Indication – infections caused by susceptible strains of Mycobacterium including M. tuberculosis

MOA – (bactericidal)

Front 29

Amphotericin B deoxycholate

Back 29

(Fungizone®)

- untill the last 10 years, was the only systemic anti-fungal that we had

Indication – severe systemic infections caused by susceptible strains of pathogenic fungi

MOA – binds to cell membrane ergosterol to increase permeability  fungicidal or fungistatic

Front 30

Ketoconazole

Back 30

(Nizoral®)

- fluconozole is the one you see used most often b/c its the most well absorbed in the mouth

Indication – systemic (and superficial) infections caused by susceptible strains of pathogenic fungi

MOA – inhibits fungal CYP-dependent enzymes in ergosterol synthesis, thereby increasing cell permeability (fungistatic -> fungicidal); so any drug which is cleared bia CYP, will be cleared much much much more slowly

Front 31

Clotrimazole

Back 31

(Lotrimin®, Gyne-Lotrimin®, Mycelex®)

Indication – superficial infections caused by susceptible strains of pathogenic fungi

MOA – inhibits fungal CYP-dependent enzymes in ergosterol synthesis