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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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theophylline
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asthma bronchodilator by inhibiting phosphodiesterase (decrease cAMP hydrolysis)
P-450 metabbolism Narrow therapeutic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity) |
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stratified squamous
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oropharynx
laryngopharynx anterior epiglottis and upper 1/2 of posterior epiglottis vocal folds ("true" vocal cords) |
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pseudostratified columnar
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nose
paranasal sinus nasopharynx larynx tracheobronchial tree |
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isoniazid
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aka INH
[Mechanism] Decrease mycolic acid synthesis [Clinical] Treat TB. Also solo prophylaxis against TB. [Toxicity] Hemolysis if G6PD deficiency. Neuron damage (e.g. sensory ataxia, decreased extremity sensation), hepatocytes, SLE-like syndrome. Competes with Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine); give supplement to counter. |
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azithromycin
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used for prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
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macrolides
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Erythromycin
Azithromycin Clarithromycin [Mech] Inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation Binds to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic. [Clinical] URIs, pneumonias, STDs- gram + cocci if allergic to penicillin Mycoplasma, Lgionella, Chlamydia, Neisseria [Toxicity] GI Discomfort. Acute cholestatic hepatitis. Eosinophilia. Skin rashes. Increases serum concentration of theophyllines, oral anticoagulants. |
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Erythromycin
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Macrolide.
[Mech] Inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation Binds to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic. [Clinical] URIs, pneumonias, STDs- gram + cocci if allergic to penicillin Mycoplasma, Lgionella, Chlamydia, Neisseria [Toxicity] GI Discomfort. Acute cholestatic hepatitis. Eosinophilia. Skin rashes. Increases serum concentration of theophyllines, oral anticoagulants. |
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azithromycin
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Macrolide.
[Mech] Inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation Binds to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic. [Clinical] URIs, pneumonias, STDs- gram + cocci if allergic to penicillin Mycoplasma, Lgionella, Chlamydia, Neisseria [Toxicity] GI Discomfort. Acute cholestatic hepatitis. Eosinophilia. Skin rashes. Increases serum concentration of theophyllines, oral anticoagulants. |
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clarithromycin
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Macrolide.
[Mech] Inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation Binds to 23S rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic. [Clinical] URIs, pneumonias, STDs- gram + cocci if allergic to penicillin Mycoplasma, Lgionella, Chlamydia, Neisseria [Toxicity] GI Discomfort. Acute cholestatic hepatitis. Eosinophilia. Skin rashes. Increases serum concentration of theophyllines, oral anticoagulants. |
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clindamycin
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Covers both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. Good for alcoholics with pneumonia.
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azoles
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Fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole.
[Mech] Inhibit fungal steroid (ergosterol) synthesis. [Clinical] Systemic mycoses. Fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients (crosses BBB) and candidal infections of all types (i.e. yeast). Ketoconazole for blastomyces, Coccidoides, Histoplasma, Candida albicans; hypercortisolism. Clotrimazole and miconazole for topical fungal infections. [Toxicity] Hormone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia), liver dysfunction (inhibits cytochrome p-450), fever, chills |
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Inhibits cytochrome P-450
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azoles
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fluconazole
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Azole.
[Mech] Inhibit fungal steroid (ergosterol) synthesis. [Clinical] Systemic mycoses. Fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients (crosses BBB) and candidal infections of all types (i.e. yeast). [Toxicity] Hormone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia), liver dysfunction (inhibits cytochrome p-450), fever, chills |
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ketoconazole
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Azole.
[Mech] Inhibit fungal steroid (ergosterol) synthesis. [Clinical] Systemic mycoses. Ketoconazole for blastomyces, Coccidoides, Histoplasma, Candida albicans; hypercortisolism. [Toxicity] Hormone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia), liver dysfunction (inhibits cytochrome p-450), fever, chills |
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clotrimazole
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Azole.
[Mech] Inhibit fungal steroid (ergosterol) synthesis. [Clinical] Systemic mycoses. Clotrimazole and miconazole for topical fungal infections. [Toxicity] Hormone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia), liver dysfunction (inhibits cytochrome p-450), fever, chills |
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miconazole
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Azole.
[Mech] Inhibit fungal steroid (ergosterol) synthesis. [Clinical] Systemic mycoses. Clotrimazole and miconazole for topical fungal infections. * Tinea versicolor [Toxicity] Hormone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia), liver dysfunction (inhibits cytochrome p-450), fever, chills |
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bosentan
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Vasodilator
[Mech]Competitive antagonist of endothelin receptors. [Clinical] Idiopathic Primary Pulmonary HTN |
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amphotercin B
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Amphotercin "tears" holes in the fungal membrane.
[Mech] Binds ergosterol (unique to fungi); membrane pores leak electrolytes. [Clinical] Systemic mycoses. Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Candida, Mucor. Does not cross BBB, deliver intrathecally for fungal meningitis. [Tox] Fever/chills ("shake and bake") Hypotension Nephrotoxicity (reduced if hydrated) Arrhythmias Anemia IV Phlebitis ("amphoterrible") |
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rifampin
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RNA polymerase inhibitor
Revs up P-450s Red/orange body fluids Rapid resistance if solo [Mech] Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase [Clinical] TB. Delay resistance to dapsone in leprosy. Used for prophylaxis in contact of children with Haemophilus influenzae type B. [Tox] Minor hepatotoxicity and drug interactions (p450). Orange/red body fluids (nonhazardous). |
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Haemophilus vaccine
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Type B capsular polysaccharide, conjugated to diphtheria. 2 - 18 months.
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ceftriaxone
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Treat hemophilus influenzae meningitis.
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ethambutol
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Anti-TB drug.
[Mech] Inhibit arbanosyl transferase for arabinose polymerization (carbohydrate polymerization). [Tox] Red-green color blindness (optic neuropathy) and other bad vision problems. Hepatoxicity like the rest of the TB drugs. |
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cromolyn
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Asthma prevention.
[Mech] Prevent release of mediators from mast cells. [Clinical] Asthma prophylaxis. Useless in acute attack. [Tox] Rare |
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enalapril
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ACE inhibitor
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nystatin
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[Clinical]
Superficial candida. |
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selenium sulfide
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[Clin]
Tinea versicolor |
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suramin
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[Clinical]
African sleeping sickness, blood borne. |
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nifurtimox
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[Clinical]
Chagas Disease. |
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metronidazole
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[Clinical]
Giardia lamblia. Trichomonas vaginalis. |
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malarsoprol
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[Clinical]
African sleeping sickness, CNS. |
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stibogluconate
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[Clinical]
Leishmaniasis. |
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omeprazole
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Blocks H-K-ATPase and stops H+ secretion by gastric parietal cells.
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atropine
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Cholinergic muscarinic antagonist.
* Blocks H+ secretion by blockign direct pathway. (Note indirect uses GRP, not ACh) |
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cimentidine
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Blocks H2 receptors.
* Inhibits H+ secretion by gastric parietal cells by blocking histamine. |
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sulfasalazine
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[Clinical]
Ulcerative colitis. [Mech] Combination sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and mesalamine (anti-inflammatory). Activated by colonic bacteria. [Tox] Malaise, nausea, sulfonamide toxicity, reversible oligospermia. |
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diphenoxylate
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[Clinical]
Anti-diarrhea [Mech] Binds mu opioid receptors to slow motility. [Notes] Higher doses gets you high and is addictive. Must be packaged with atropine. |
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octreotide
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ondansetron
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[Clinical]
Stop vomiting. (antiemetic) [Mech] 5-HT3 antagonist. Central-acting. [Tox] Headache, constipation. Good for waltzing. |
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dimercaprol
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[Clinical]
Arsenic poisoning/ |
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bromocriptine
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[Clinical]
Prolactinoma. [Mech] dopamine agonist |
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anastrazole
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[mech]
Aromatase inhibitor. [Clinical] metastatic breast tumor. |
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flutamide
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Anti-androgen.
[clinical] Prostate carcinoma [mech] Competitive inhibitor at testosterone receptor |
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finasteride
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Anti-androgen.
[mech] Inhibit 5a-reductase. [Clinical] BPH. Promotes male-pattern hair growth. |
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ketoconazole
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Anti-androgen.
[mech] Inhibit steroid synthesis. [Clinical] Polycystic ovarian syndrome (prevent hirsutism). [tox] Gynecomastia. Amenorrhea. |
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spirinolactone
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Anti-androgen.
[mech] inhibit steroid binding [clinical] Polycystic ovarian syndrome (prevent hirsutism.) [tox] Amenorrhea. Gynecomastia. |
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disulfiram
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Antabuse
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diazepam
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aka Valium
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amlodipine
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misoprostol
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[Clinical]
NSAID induced gastric ulcers. Like in ankylosing spondylitis. [Mech] PGE1 analog. |
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gynecomastia drugs
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Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers
Spironolactone Digitalis Cimetidine Alcohol Ketoconazole |
