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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give examples of conditions with chronic pain
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Cancer
Trigeminal neuralgia Post-therapeutic neuralgia |
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Pain receptors can be activated by?
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Bradykinin
Prostaglandins Histamine Serotonin |
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Which pathway transmits fast pain?
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Neospinothalamic
A Fibers |
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Which pathway transmits slow pain
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Paleospinothalamic
C Fibers |
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What part of the brain senses the quality of the pain?
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Cerebral cortex
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Name the 3 classes of endogenous opiods
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Dynorphin
Enkephalins- in brain Endorphins- endogenous morphine |
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What are the 5 major classes of opiod analgesics
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Phenanthrenes- codeine
Phenylheptylamines Phenylpiperidines- Demerol Moriphans- Butorphanol Benzomorphans- Pentazocine |
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Name some effects of morphine on the CNS
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Drowsiness
Analgesia Resp depression Cough suppresion Emesis Euphoria- releases dopamine Miosis < body temp < release of GH > ADH > release of prolactin Inhibits ACH and GnRH |
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name some effects of morphine in the periphery
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Antidiarrheal
Constricts biliary smooth muscle(ampulla of vater) < renal plasma flow > Urethral and bladder tone |
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Name some effects of morphine in the cardiovascular system
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vasodilation; leads to orthostatic hypotension
> histamine release; leads to itching and bronchospasms < myocardial oxygen demand |
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Name medications used with moderate pain
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Hydrocodone
Oxycodone Tramadol Codeine |
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Name medications used with severe pain
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Morphine
Methadone Hydromorphone Fentanyl Levorphanol Oxycodone |
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What is the sustained release oxycodone?
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Oxycontin
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What 2 drugs make up vicodine?
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Hydrocodone + tylenol
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Name a drug more potent than morphine
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Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
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This drug causes convulsions, especially with the elderly
It is not used as an antitussive |
Meperedine (Demerol)
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T/F Meperidine causes constipation
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False, it does NOT cause constipation
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Should Demerol be avoided with renal dysfunction?
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YES
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Which analgesics are fast acting with the shortest duration of action and are good for surgical procedures
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Fentanyl and Sufentanil
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T/F Fentanyl and Sufentanil cross the BBB and affect the MU receptors
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TRUE
Monitor resp rate because Mu receptors < resp |
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Which analgesic is only used as an antidiarrheal and never used for pain?
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Diphenoxylate
It is very constipating |
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this analgesic is very lipophillic and causes hallucinations, vivid dreams, and weird thoughts at high doses
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Benzomorphans
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Which analgesic stops nociceptive input in the spinal cord and not in the supraspinal loci
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Pentazocine (Talwin)
It's a Benzomorphan |
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What drug is used to prevent migraine attacks (nasal spray)
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Butorphanol (Stadol)
Its a Morphinan |
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Name a narcotic antagonist
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Naloxone (Narcan)
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What is the MOA of Narcan?
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Competitive inhibitor at mu,kappa, delta and sigma opiod receptors
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What is a side effect of Narcan?
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Hypotension
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Name a phenylheptylamine
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methadone
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Name a phenylpiperadine
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Demeral
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Name a Moriphan
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Stadol
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Name a Benzomorphan
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Talwin
Pentazocine |
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Name the phenanthrenes
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Codeine
Morphine |
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What do you give if a pt is allergic to Codeine
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Demerol; If truly opiod allergic give Lyrica
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Where is the location of Analgesia receptors?
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Dorsal horn of spinal cord
Raphae Magnus |
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Where is the location of Emesis and Resp.depression receptors?
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Ventral Brainstem
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What do Mu 1 receptors cause?
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Supraspinal Analgesia
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What do Mu 2 receptors cause?
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RED
Resp depression Euphoria Dependance |
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What do Kappa receptors cause?
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SSR
Spinal analgesia Sedation Resp Depression |
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What do Sigma receptors cause?
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DHS
Dysphoria Hallucinations Stimulates respiration |
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What are these drugs made of?
Vicodin Lortab ASA Percocet Percodan Darvocet |
Vicodin- hydrocodon/Tylenol
Lartab- hydrocodon/ASA Percocet- Oxycodone/Tylenol Percodan- Oxycodone/ASA Darvocet- Propoxyphen/ASA |
