Pharm One-Liners Week 3

Front 1

Antifungal agent used for inhibition of all gonadal and adrenal steroids

Back 1

Ketoconazole

Front 2

Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor

Back 2

Mifepristone

Front 3

Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors

Back 3

Spironolactone

Front 4

Common SE of spironolactone

Back 4

Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia

Front 5

Slightly increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, heart disease (questionable), has beneficial effects on bone loss

Back 5

Estrogen

Front 6

Antiestrogen drugs used for fertility and breast cancer respectively

Back 6

Clomiphene and tamoxifen

Front 7

Common SE of tamoxifen and raloxifene

Back 7

Hot flashes

Front 8

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and prophylaxis in women with risk factors for breast cancer

Back 8

Raloxifene

Front 9

Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy

Back 9

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Front 10

Estrogen mostly used in oral contraceptives (OC)

Back 10

Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol

Front 11

Anti-progesterone used as abortifacient

Back 11

Mifepristone (RU-486)

Front 12

Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep)

Back 12

Combination oral contraceptives (OC)

Front 13

Oral contraceptive available in a transdermal patch

Back 13

Ortho-Evra

Front 14

Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase

Back 14

Testosterone

Front 15

5 alpha-reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness

Back 15

Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)

Front 16

Anabolic steroid that has potential for abuse

Back 16

Nandrolone, oxymetholone, and oxandrolone

Front 17

Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females

Back 17

Cyproterone acetate

Front 18

Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility

Back 18

Leuprolide

Front 19

What do alpha cells in the pancreas produce?

Back 19

Glucagon

Front 20

What do beta cells in the pancreas produce?

Back 20

Insulin

Front 21

Where are beta cells found in the pancreas?

Back 21

Islets of Langerhans

Front 22

What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?

Back 22

Somatostatin

Front 23

Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse

Back 23

C-peptide

Front 24

Exogenous insulin contains

Back 24

Little C-peptide

Front 25

Endogenous insulin contains

Back 25

Normal C-peptide

Front 26

Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action

Back 26

Lispro (Humalog), aspart, glulisine

Front 27

Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia

Back 27

Regular (Humulin R)

Front 28

Long acting insulin

Back 28

Ultralente (humulin U)

Front 29

Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action

Back 29

Glargine (Lantus), detemir

Front 30

Major SE of insulin

Back 30

Hypoglycemia

Front 31

Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver

Back 31

GLUT 2

Front 32

Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation

Back 32

GLUT 4

Front 33

Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

Back 33

Acarbose, miglitol

Front 34

MOA of AGI's

Back 34

Act on intestine, delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides

Front 35

SE of AGI's

Back 35

Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps

Front 36

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's

Back 36

Acarbose

Front 37

Amino acid derivative, active as an insulin secretagogue

Back 37

Nateglinide

Front 38

MOA of nateglinide

Back 38

Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP-sensitive K+ channel

Front 39

Biguanide

Back 39

Metformin

Front 40

Drugs available in combination with metformin

Back 40

Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone

Front 41

MOA of metformin

Back 41

Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity

Front 42

Vascular effects of metformin

Back 42

Decreased micro and macro vascular disease

Front 43

Most important potential SE of metformin

Back 43

Lactic acidosis

Front 44

Incidence of hyoglycemia with metformin

Back 44

None

Front 45

Meglitinide class of drugs

Back 45

Repaglinide

Front 46

MOA of repaglinide

Back 46

Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea

Front 47

First generation sulfonylurea

Back 47

Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.

Front 48

Second generation sulfonylurea

Back 48

Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.

Front 49

MOA of both generations

Back 49

Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels

Front 50

Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide

Back 50

Hypoglycemia

Front 51

Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life

Back 51

Chlorpropamide

Front 52

Thiazolidinediones

Back 52

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)

Front 53

Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market

Back 53

Hepatic toxicity

Front 54

MOA of thiazolindinediones

Back 54

Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism

Front 55

SE of Thiazolindinediones

Back 55

Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism

Front 56

Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation

Back 56

Glucagon

Front 57

Available bisphosphonates

Back 57

Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid

Front 58

MOA of Bisphosphonates

Back 58

Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption

Front 59

Names of three bisphosphonates available IV

Back 59

Pamidronate, zoledronate, ibandronate

Front 60

Uses of bisphosphonates

Back 60

Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia from malignancy

Front 61

Major SE of bisphosphonates

Back 61

Chemical esophagitis

Front 62

Bisphosphonates that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia

Back 62

Etidronate

Front 63

Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women

Back 63

Estrogen (HRT-Hormone replacement therapy)

Front 64

Increase bone density, also being tested for breast CA prophylaxis

Back 64

Raloxifene (SERM-selective estrogen receptor modulator)

Front 65

Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption

Back 65

Calcitonin (salmon prep)

Front 66

Used especially in postmenopausal women, dosage should be 1500 mg

Back 66

Calcium

Front 67

Vitamin given with calcium to ensure proper absorption

Back 67

Vitamin D

Front 68

Disease caused by excess ergot alkaloids

Back 68

St. Anthony's Fire

Front 69

Endogenous substances commonly interpreted as histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and vasoactive peptides

Back 69

Autocoids

Front 70

Syndrome of hypersecretion of gastric acid and pepsin usually caused by gastrinoma; it is associated with severe peptic ulceration and diarrhea

Back 70

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Front 71

Drug that causes contraction of the uterus

Back 71

Oxytocin

Front 72

Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3

Back 72

Smooth muscle; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively

Front 73

Prototype antagonist of H1 and H2 receptors

Back 73

Diphenhydramine and cimetridine, respectively

Front 74

1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating

Back 74

Diphendydramine

Front 75

1st generation antihistamine that is least sedating

Back 75

Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine