Pharm One Liners- Sedative-Hypnotics

Front 1

Reduction of anxiety

Back 1

Sedation

Front 2

A drug that reduces anxiety, a sedative

Back 2

Anxiolytic

Front 3

Induction of sleep

Back 3

Hypnosis

Front 4

A reduction in drug effect requiring an increase in dosage to maintain the same response

Back 4

Tolerance

Front 5

Removal of drug envokes unpleasant symptoms and opposite effects of drug

Back 5

Physiologic dependence

Front 6

A drug taker feels compelled to use the drug and suffers anxiety when separated from the drug

Back 6

Psychologic dependence

Front 7

Loss of consciousness with absence of pain response

Back 7

Anesthesia

Front 8

Extremely deep anesthesia or depression of brian activity; precursor to respiratory and circulatory failure

Back 8

Coma

Front 9

Highest lipid solubility and enters CNS rapidly

Back 9

Thiopental

Front 10

Can be used as induction agent in anesthesia, rapidly enters CNS

Back 10

Thiopental

Front 11

These drugs undergo extrahepatic conjugation and do not form active metabolites

Back 11

Lorazepam and oxazepam

Front 12

Actively metabolized via oxidation at the C5 position

Back 12

Barbiturates

Front 13

Only barbiturates that is excreted unchanged via the urine

Back 13

phenobarbital

Front 14

Active metabolite of chloral hydrate

Back 14

trichloroethanol

Front 15

Reason for zolpidem's short duration of action

Back 15

Rapid metabolism by the liver

Front 16

Rapid hepatic metabolism via aldehyde oxidase and P450

Back 16

Zaleplon

Front 17

The duration of action of CNS hypnotics ranges few hours to 30 hours ( e.g. list)

Back 17

zaleplon<zolpidem=triazolam<chloral hydrate
30 hours= chloridiazepoxide, clorazepate, diazepam, phenobarbital

Front 18

Fast IPSP's are blocked by

Back 18

GABAa receptor antagonist

Front 19

Slow IPSP's are blocked by

Back 19

GABAb receptor antagonist

Front 20

Primary neurotransmistter mediating IPSP in brain and spinal nuerons

Back 20

GABA

Front 21

GABAa receptor activation opens _____

Back 21

chloride ion channels

Front 22

GABAb are coupled to G-proteins and activation opens ______ and closes _______

Back 22

potassium channels
Calcium channels

Front 23

Glycine receptors are more numerous in

Back 23

Spine

Front 24

Increases the frequency of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel opening

Back 24

Benzodiazepines

Front 25

An antagonist of BZ receptors and reverses the affects of benzos

Back 25

Flumazenil

Front 26

This drug depresses neuronal activity in the midbrain reticular formation prolonging the inhibitory effects of GABA and Glycine

Back 26

Barbiturates

Front 27

Interacts with 5HT1 subclass of serotonin receptors but MOA unknown

Back 27

Buspirone

Front 28

Exert their effects via BZ receptor but are not BZ's

Back 28

Zolpidem
Zaleplon

Front 29

A selective anxiolytic with minimal depressant effects

Back 29

Buspirone

Front 30

Anterograde amnesia is more likely with

Back 30

BZ's

Front 31

This BZ produces anesthesia

Back 31

Midazolam

Front 32

Drug used in high doses causes muscle relaxation. used in cerebral palsy

Back 32

Diazpem

Front 33

Selective anticonvulsant action without sedation

Back 33

Phenobarbital
Clonazepam

Front 34

Side effects of high doses of sedative-hypnotics

Back 34

Respiratory arrest, hypotension, CV collapse, depression of medullary center

Front 35

Only sedative that does not cause dependence

Back 35

Buspirone

Front 36

BZ's used for panic attacks and phobia disorders

Back 36

Alprazolam and clonazepam

Front 37

Drug used in generalized anxiety disorder + hx of drug abuse

Back 37

Buspirone

Front 38

BZ's used for management of sleep disorders and primary insomnia

Back 38

Estalozam, Flurazepam, Traizolam

Front 39

Used for the induction of anesthesia

Back 39

Thiopental

Front 40

Longer acting drugs used in the management of withdrawal states for ethanol and sedative-hypnotics

Back 40

Chloradeazpoxide
Diazepam

Front 41

Cognitive impairment, decreased psyhcomotor skills, and unwanted daytime sedation

Back 41

AE of Diazepam Flurazepam

B/c of long-lasting active metabolites

Front 42

What drugs should be avoided when using sedation-hypnotics?
IE Generally speaking

Back 42

Alcohol
Anithistamines
Antipsychotics
Opioid
TCA

Front 43

These sedation-hypnotics induce the formation of liver microsomal enzymes

Back 43

Barbiturates and Carbamates

Front 44

May displace coumarins from plasma proteins and increase anticouagulants

Back 44

Chloral hydrate

Front 45

Precipitate acute intermittent porphyria

Back 45

Barbiturates

Front 46

Used at high doses called "date rape" drug

Back 46

BZ's

Front 47

Account for low to moderate metabolism of Alcohol ingestion

Back 47

Alcohol Dehydrogenase ADH

Front 48

Reason for zero order kinetics in alcohol ingestion

Back 48

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Runs out of NAD+

Front 49

ADH converts alcohol to

Back 49

Acetaldhyde

Front 50

Induction of this system is thought to cause tolerance in alcohol ingestion

Back 50

MEOS

Front 51

Acetaldehyde is metabolized to______ via ______

Back 51

Acetate

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Front 52

Account for low to moderate metabolism of Alcohol ingestion

Back 52

Alcohol Dehydrogenase ADH

Front 53

Reason for zero order kinetics in alcohol ingestion

Back 53

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Runs out of NAD+

Front 54

ADH converts alcohol to

Back 54

Acetaldhyde

Front 55

Induction of this system is thought to cause tolerance in alcohol ingestion

Back 55

MEOS

Front 56

Acetaldehyde is metabolized to______ via ______

Back 56

Acetate

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Front 57

Account for low to moderate metabolism of Alcohol ingestion

Back 57

Alcohol Dehydrogenase ADH

Front 58

Reason for zero order kinetics in alcohol ingestion

Back 58

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Runs out of NAD+

Front 59

ADH converts alcohol to

Back 59

Acetaldhyde

Front 60

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

Back 60

Disulfiram
Others: Metronidazole, oral hypoglycemics, cephalosporins

Front 61

The MEOS system uses ______ for the oxidation of alcohol

Back 61

NADPH and O2

Front 62

Impairment of driving occurs at

Back 62

60mg/dl and 80mg/dl

Front 63

Levels greater than ______ can lead to loss of consciousness, anesthesia, and coma

Back 63

300mg/dl

Front 64

Alcohol levels that are considered lethal

Back 64

> 500 mg/dl

Front 65

Although the CNS effects of ethanol are not known, the MOA is probably thru

Back 65

GABAa action receptors
And glutamate inhibition

Front 66

How does alcohol ingestion lead to depress heart rate and hypothermia

Back 66

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle

Front 67

NAD depletion leads to

Back 67

Reduced gluconeogenesis
Hypoglycemia
Fat accumulation

Front 68

The most common neurologic abnormality

Back 68

Peripheral Neuropahty

Front 69

Syndrome defined as ataxia, confusion, and paralysis of extraocular muscles

Back 69

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Front 70

Syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency

Back 70

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Front 71

The reason chronic ethnaol ingestion causes gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and slat retention

Back 71

Altered metabolism of steroids in liver

Front 72

Excessive use causes hypertension, anemia, and MI

Back 72

Chronic ethanol ingestion

Front 73

A common neoplasia incidence is increased in chronic ethanol ingestion

Back 73

Breast carcinoma

Front 74

Used to protect against CNS effects in chronic alocholics

Back 74

thiamine

Front 75

Syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency

Back 75

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Front 76

The reason chronic ethnaol ingestion causes gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and slat retention

Back 76

Altered metabolism of steroids in liver

Front 77

Excessive use causes hypertension, anemia, and MI

Back 77

Chronic ethanol ingestion

Front 78

A common neoplasia incidence is increased in chronic ethanol ingestion

Back 78

Breast carcinoma

Front 79

Used to protect against CNS effects in chronic alocholics

Back 79

thiamine

Front 80

What do you use for the management of abstinence syndrome for chronic alcholics?

Back 80

Thiamine admis
Electrolyte correction
Diazepam with dose tapering

Front 81

Discontinuance leads to insominia, tremor, anxiety, DT's and life-threatening seizures

Back 81

Ethanol

Front 82

Used to treat alcoholics and causes nausea, headache, flushing, and hypotension when alcohol is used

Back 82

Disulfiram

Front 83

Opioid used in the TX of alcoholism

Back 83

Naltrexone

Front 84

SSRI used in the Tx of alcoholism

Back 84

Fluoxetine

Front 85

Drug is Metabolized to formaldehyde and formic acid by Alcohol DH

Back 85

Methanol

Front 86

The major side effects of methonal ingestion

Back 86

Blindness, Severe acidosis, Retinal damage

Front 87

Used in the Tx of ethanol ingestion

Back 87

Ethanol

Front 88

Side effects of ehtylene glycol ingestion

Back 88

Severe acidosis and Renal damage

Front 89

Alcohol dehydrogenase metabolzies ethylene glycol to ______

Back 89

Oxalic acid

Front 90

Tx for the acute ingestion of ethylene glycol

Back 90

Ethanol or Fomepizole