Pharm One Liners

Front 1

Time it takes for drug to fall to half its value; this is constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs)

Back 1

Half life (T1/2)

Front 2

Relates to amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration

Back 2

Volume of distribution (Vd)

Front 3

Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time

Back 3

Cp

Front 4

The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration

Back 4

Clearance (Cl)

Front 5

Elimination of a drug that occurs before it reaches systemic circulation

Back 5

First pass effect

Front 6

Fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches systemic circulation

Back 6

bioavailability

Front 7

When rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination

Back 7

Steady state

Front 8

This step of metabolism makes a drug more hydrophilic and hence augments elimination

Back 8

Phase 1

Front 9

Different steps of Phase I

Back 9

hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction

Front 10

Inducers of Cytochrome P450

Back 10

rifampin, barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine

Front 11

Inhibitors of CYP450

Back 11

grapefruit juice, ketaconazole, cimetidine, erythromycin

Front 12

Products of Phase II conjugation

Back 12

glucoronate, acetic acid, glutathione sulfate

Front 13

Type of kinetics when a constant percentage of substrate is metabolized per unit

Back 13

First order kinetics

Front 14

Drug elimination with a constant amount metabolized regardless of drug concentration

Back 14

Zero order kinetics

Front 15

Target plasma concentration times (volume of distribution divided by bioavailability)

Back 15

Loading dose (Cp * (Vd/F)

Front 16

Concentration in plasma times (clearance divided by bioavailability)

Back 16

Maintenance dose (Cp * (Cl/F)

Front 17

Strength of interaction between a drug and its receptor

Back 17

Affinity

Front 18

Selectivity of a drug for its receptor

Back 18

Specificity

Front 19

Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect; refers to the drug's strength

Back 19

Potency

Front 20

Maximum response achievable from a drug

Back 20

Efficacy

Front 21

Ability of drug to produce 100% of the maximum response regardless of the potency

Back 21

Full agonist

Front 22

Ability to produce less than 100% of the response

Back 22

Partial agonist

Front 23

Ability to bind reversibly to the same site as the drug and without activating the effector system

Back 23

Competitive antagonist

Front 24

Class of drugs with ability to decrease the maximal response to an agonist

Back 24

Noncompetitive antagonist

Front 25

A hormone whose mechanism of action utilizes intracellular receptors

Back 25

Thyroid hormones
steroid hormones

Front 26

A hormone whose MOA utilizes transmembrane receptors

Back 26

Insulin

Front 27

Class of drugs whose MOA utilizes ligand gated ion channels

Back 27

Benzodiazepines
calcium channel blockers

Front 28

Median effective dose required for an effect in 50% of population

Back 28

ED50

Front 29

Median toxic dose required for a toxic effect in 50% of the population

Back 29

TD50

Front 30

Dose which is lethal to 50% of the population

Back 30

LD50

Front 31

Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect

Back 31

Therapeutic index

Front 32

Term for high margin of safety

Back 32

High therapeutic index

Front 33

Term for narrow margin of safety

Back 33

Low therapeutic index

Front 34

Antidote used for lead poisoning

Back 34

Dimercaprol
EDTA

Front 35

Antidote used for cyanide poisoning

Back 35

Nitrites

Front 36

Antidote used for anticholinergic poisoning

Back 36

Physostigmine

Front 37

Antidote used for organophosphate/anticholinesterase poisoning

Back 37

Atropine
pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Front 38

Antidote used for iron salt toxicity

Back 38

Deferoxamine

Front 39

Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity

Back 39

N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Front 40

Antidote for arsenic, mercury, lead and gold poisoning

Back 40

Dimercaprol

Front 41

Antidote used in poisonings: copper (Wilson's disease), lead, mercury, arsenic

Back 41

Penicillamine

Front 42

Antidote used for heparin overdose

Back 42

Protamine

Front 43

Antidote used for warfarin toxicity

Back 43

Vitamin K
Fresh Frozen Plasma

Front 44

Antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase

Back 44

Aminocaproic acid

Front 45

Antidote used for methanol and ethylene glycol

Back 45

Ethanol
Fomepizol

Front 46

Antidote used for opiod toxicity

Back 46

Naloxone (IV)
Naltrexone (oral)

Front 47

Antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity

Back 47

Flumanezil

Front 48

Antidote used for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)

Back 48

sodium bicarbonate

Front 49

Antidote used for carbon monoxide poisoning

Back 49

100% Oxygen (O2)
Hyperbaric O2

Front 50

Antidote used for digitalis toxicity

Back 50

Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin, normalize potassium, and lidocaine is patient is arrhythmic).

Front 51

Antidote for beta agonist toxicity (eg. metaproterenol)

Back 51

Esmolol

Front 52

Antidote for methotrexate toxicity

Back 52

Leucovorin

Front 53

Antidote for beta blockers and hypoglycemia

Back 53

Glucagon

Front 54

Antidote useful for some drug induced Torsade de pointes

Back 54

Magnesium sulfate

Front 55

Antidote for hyperkalemia

Back 55

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate)

Front 56

Constant proporation of cell population killed rather than a constant number

Back 56

log-kill hypothesis

Front 57

Treatment with cancer chemotherapy at high doses every 3-4 weeks, too toxic to be used continuously

Back 57

Pulse therapy

Front 58

Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents

Back 58

rescue therapy

Front 59

Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates

Back 59

Allopurinol

Front 60

Pyrimidine analog that causes "thymine-less death" given with leucovorin rescue

Back 60

5-flouracil (5-FU)

Front 61

Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms

Back 61

Prednisone

Front 62

Side effect of mitomycin

Back 62

SEVERE myelosuppresion

Front 63

MOA of cisplatin

Back 63

Alkylating agent

Front 64

Common toxicities of cisplatin

Back 64

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

Front 65

Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation

Back 65

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

Front 66

interaction with drug requires dose reduction of 6-MP

Back 66

Allopurinol

Front 67

May protect against doxorubicin toxicity by scavenging free radicals

Back 67

Dexrazoxane

Front 68

Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands) limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis

Back 68

Bleomycin

Front 69

Bleomycin + vinblastine + etoposide + cisplatin produce almost a 100% response when all agents are used for this neoplasm

Back 69

Testicular cancer

Front 70

ABVD regimen for HD, but appers less likely to cause sterility and secondary malignancies than MOPP

Back 70

Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)
Bleomycin
Vinblastine
Dacarbazine

Front 71

Regimen used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Back 71

CDVP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) plus rituximab

Front 72

Regimen used for breast cancer

Back 72

CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and flourouracil)

Front 73

Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation

Back 73

Meclorethamine

Front 74

Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis

Back 74

Cyclophosphamide

Front 75

Prevention of cyclophosphamide induced hemorragic cystitis

Back 75

Hydration
mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA)

Front 76

Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy, foot drop (eg. ataxia), and "pins and needles" sensation

Back 76

Vincristine

Front 77

Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca whch prevent disassembly tubules), it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase

Back 77

Paclitaxol (taxol)

Front 78

Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to severe interaction with aminoglycosides

Back 78

Cisplatin

Front 79

Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, but greater myelosuppresion

Back 79

Carboplatin

Front 80

Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia, denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine)

Back 80

L-asparaginase

Front 81

Used for hairy cell leukemia; it stimulates NK cells

Back 81

interferon alpha

Front 82

Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer

Back 82

Flutamide (eulexin)

Front 83

Anti-estrogen used for esterogen receptor + breast cancer

Back 83

Tamoxifen

Front 84

Aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer

Back 84

Letrozole
Anastrozole

Front 85

Newer estrogen receptor antagonist used in advanced breast cancer

Back 85

Toremifene (Fareston)

Front 86

Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs

Back 86

Bleomycin
Vinca alkaloids
Antimetabolites: 5-FU, 6-MP, methotrexate, etoposide

Front 87

Soem cell cycle non-specific drugs

Back 87

Alkylating agents: meclorethamine, cyclophosphamide
Antibiotics: doxorubicin, daunorubicin
Cisplatin
Nitrosourea

Front 88

Anti-emetics used in assocation with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotoning receptor subtype) antagonists

Back 88

Odansetron
Granisetron

Front 89

Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors

Back 89

Carmustine (BCNU)
Lomustine (CCNU)

Front 90

Produces disulfarim-like reaction with ethanol

Back 90

Procarbazine