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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modification Act
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2003
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Paradigm
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The typical or standard activities of a pharmacist on a day-to-day basis
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APhA
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American Pharmacists Association
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MTM
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Medication Therapy Management-A group of services designed to help patients get the most benefit from drug therapy.
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DRPs
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Drug Related Problems
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PBMs
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Pharmacy Benefits Managers-a third party administrator of prescription drug programs. They are primarily responsible for processing and paying prescription drug claims. They also are responsible for developing and maintaining the formulary, contracting with pharmacies, and negotiating discounts and rebates with drug manufacturers.
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Industrial Revolution
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late 1700s to mid twentieth century
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Charles D Hepler
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wrote extensively about pharmacy and its professional status. Characterized a profession: Services offered are closely linked to major human values, the services require a degree of knowledge/skill/understanding, service cannot be mass produced.
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Federal, Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
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Amendments to this act required pharmaceutical companies to spend millions of dollars in premarket testing of drugs. Led to common belief that pharmacists only lick, stick, count...
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1953
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DNA proved to be genetic material of living organisms.
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1960s
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Sexual Revolution due to availability of contraceptives...improvements in technology.
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3 Simultaneous trends that served as the basis for the clinical pharmacy movement
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drug information, drug distribution especially decentralized programs in hospitals, teaching and research programs in pharmacology and biopharmaceutics.
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Ninth Floor Project
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the three simultaneous trends were combined to train students for a role that did not previously exist.
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Drug Information
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A service provided by pharmacists to other health professionals or to the public in which basic or detailed information about drugs is provided.
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Decentralized drug distribution
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systems in hospitals of distributing drugs to patients in which pharmacy services are located in several locations near patient-care areas rather than in one central pharmacy
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Pharmacology
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The study of the action of drugs in biological systems
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Biopharmaceutics
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the study of a drug's physical and chemical properties as they relate to the effects of the drug on the body (absorption, distribution, and metabolism or elimination)
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Drug-Regimen Review
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A clinical pharmacy service provided to residents of nursing homes in which pharmacists review the drug therapy of residents and provide suggestions to physicians about drug selection, duplication, necessity, adverse effects, or monitoring.
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Nursing Homes
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Facilities that provide residential care and health care to residents who live in them. Residents are typically deficient in one or more activities of daily living: ambulating, feeding, bathing, or toileting.
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1974
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Federal government realized the importance of this new role of pharmacists when they began requiring pharmacists to conduct monthly drug-regimen reviews of residents in nursing homes.
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1975
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the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy commissioned a study of pharmacy by a 12 member group headed by John Millis. (millis commission)
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Pharmacists for the Future: The Report of the Study Commission on Pharmacy
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161 report put together by the millis commission.
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NAPLEX
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National American Pharmacist Licensure Examination
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1981
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Pharmacotherapy was published by Russell R. Miller
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1982-1995
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Clinical Therapy was published by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists
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1987
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Hepler first applied the use of pharmaceutical care.
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Deep-discounting
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A type of mercantile outlet that reduces prices far below those of normal retail outlets and relies on volume to make a profit.
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1974 and 1987
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the federal government ruled that the consultant pharmacists must check the dose regimens of nursing home patients each month.
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1990
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Congress passed a law that pharmacists must offer counsel to ambulatory Medicaid patients about these medications
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1989
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the American council on Pharmaceutical Education now the Accreditation council announced plans to consider revising its accreditation standards such that the BS would be eliminated by 2000.
and Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach was published |
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Efficacy
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The ability of a drug to produce desired therapeutic effects.
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Safety
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The ability of a drug not to produce harmful or deleterious side effects or adverse reactions.
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