Pharm Neurotransmission And Neurotransmitters

Front 1

The CNS consists of what?

Back 1

Brain, spinal cord

Front 2

The PNS consists of what?

Back 2

nerves outside the CNS

Front 3

What does efferent division do?

Back 3

neurons carry signals away from the CNS

Front 4

What does the afferent division do?

Back 4

- bring data from periphery to CNS
- reflex regulation

Front 5

The PNS is divided into ___

Back 5

- Autonomic (involuntary)
- Sensory/Somatic (voluntary)

Front 6

Autonomic nervous system is divided into:

Back 6

- Sympathetic (fight or flight)
- Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Front 7

The CNS is divided into what two divisions?

Back 7

Efferent and Afferent

Front 8

Describe the effects of the followign afferent divisions:
a) physiological afferents
b) cardiovascular afferents
c) respiratory afferents
d) GI afferents.
e) pain afferents

Back 8

a) sensory neurons follow parasympathetic
b) baroreceptors respond to changes in BP (aortic arch, carotid sinus)
c) chemoreceptors respond to CO2 or O2, carotid bodies and aortic bodies respond to low O2
d) feelings of fullness for GI and bladder, hunger when empty
e) nocioceptive neurons follow sympathetic NS

Front 9

What are the 2 divisions of the Efferent CNS?

Back 9

1 - somatic motor (voluntary- skeletal muscle)
2 - Autonomic (involuntary - heart, blood vessels, exocrine glands... )

Front 10

The ____ neuron is myelinated, the ____ neuron is not.

Back 10

Preganglionic = myelinated
postganglionic = nonmyelinated

Front 11

What is the primary role fo the autonomic nervous system?

Back 11

to maintain homeostasis of internal environment

Front 12

What portion of the nervous system dominates in a stressful situation?

Back 12

Sympathetic

Front 13

The ____ innervates the GI tract, controls motility, exocrine, and endocrine, and microcirculation of GI tract. Modulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic

Back 13

Enteric

Front 14

Sympathetic neurons have a ___ preganglionic and ___ post-gaglionic neuron

Back 14

Long preganglionic, Short postganglionic

Front 15

A preganglionic sympathetic neuron travels to the adrenal medulla and synapses. Now what?

Back 15

No postganglionic neuron, stimulated to release epinephrine

Front 16

Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons arise from _____, and synapse ____

Back 16

1. cranium (CN III, VII, IX, X) and sacral regions
2. synapse in ganglion on/near effector organs

Front 17

Hormones exert effects where?

Back 17

Targets throughout the body - widespread

Front 18

Neurons communicate through regulated release of ____

Back 18

Neurotransmitters

Front 19

Synaptic transmission integrates ___ signals with ___ signals

Back 19

Chemical and electrical

Front 20

Name the 5 key steps of neurotransmission.

Back 20

- synthesis of neurotransmitter
- storeage of neurotransmitter
- release of neurotransmitter
- recognition of neurotransmitter
- metabolism of neurotransmitter

Front 21

Neurotransmitters are released from their synaptic vesicles when:

Back 21

1. threshold voltage is reached in the neuron and action potential is initiated
2. nerve terminal is depolarized and vesicle binds wiht membrane and dumps transmitter into synaptic cleft

Front 22

Neurotransmitters that are dumped into the synaptic cleft can bind to what 3 options?

Back 22

1. post-synaptic ligand gated ion channel - excitatory or inhibatory postsynaptic potential (either continue or block depending on role)
2. post-synaptic G-protein receptors causing second messengers
3. presynaptic receptor that regulates release of neurotransmitter (feedback loop)

Front 23

Once the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft, it's effect is terminated by:

Back 23

1. degradation by MAO in synaptic cleft
2. uptake by transporters to recycle it
3. inactivation of second messengers

Front 24

The Peripheral Nervous System works off of which neurotransmitters?

Back 24

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine

Front 25

The primary neurotransmitter for adrenergic effects is:

Back 25

Norepineprhine (and epi)

Front 26

The primary neurotransmitter for cholinergic effects is:

Back 26

acetylcholine

Front 27

Parasympathetic is synonymous with___

Back 27

cholinergic

Front 28

Which receptors does the parasympathetic system use?

Back 28

muscarinic, nicotinic

Front 29

Sympathetic is synonymous with ___

Back 29

adrenergic

Front 30

Which receptors does the sympathetic nervous system interact with?

Back 30

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors (a1, a2, b1, b2)

Front 31

THe only parts of the autonomic nervous system predominantly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system are:

Back 31

- veins, arterioles, and sweat glands

Front 32

In the parasympathetic NS, the axons are ____

Back 32

Myelinated (all)