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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardiac Output
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Volume of blood that leaves the left ventricle in 1 minute.
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Cardiac output consists of 2 elements:
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Stroke volume
Heart rate |
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Stroke volume
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The amount of blood that leaves the left ventricle with each contractions
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Stroke volume is dependent on three factors:
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Preload
Contractility Afterload |
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Contractility is affected by what?
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The concentration of Catecholamines in the heart muscle.
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Peripheral resistance=
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pressure x diameter of vessel
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Pathologic processes that may cause HF occur from where?
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The heart and systemically
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Cardiac output decreases when...
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The left ventricle is unable to eject its normal volume of blood during systole.
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The heart muscle enlarges to...
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Provide more contractile force to try to improve cardiac output.
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Cardiomyopathy
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enlarged heart
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Natriuretic peptides:
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Endogenous cardiac hormones
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CHF Class I:
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Patients are asymptomatic; no limitation of their activities, no symptoms from ordinary activities.
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CHF Class II:
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Patients short of breath or fatigued with moderate activity such as climing 2 flights of stairs; comfortable at rest or with mild exertion. Slight limitation of activity.
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CHF Class III:
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Patients short of breath or fatigued with very mild exertion activity, such as climbing one-half flight of stairs; comfortable only with rest; marked limitation of activity.
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CHF Class IV:
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Patients exhausted, short of breath, fatigued at rest; any activity brings on discomfort and symptoms; severe limitations on activity, confined to bed or chair.
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