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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bactericidal for gram positive cocci, gram positive rods, gram-negative cocci, and spirochetes.
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Penicillin
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S. aureus (except MRSA; resistant because of altered penicillin-binding protein target site).
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Methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
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certain gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative rods (Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, enterococci).
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Ampicillin, amoxicillin
Coverage: ampicillin/amoxicillin HELPS kill enterococci |
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Pseudomonas spp. and gram-negative rods; susceptible to penicillinase; use with clavulanic acid.
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Ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin
TCP: Takes Care of Pseudomonas |
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gram-positive cocci, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella
pneumoniae. |
Cephalosporins
1st generation (cefazolin, cephalexin)–– PEcK |
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gram-positive cocci, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp., Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens.
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2nd generation (cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefuroxime)––
2nd generation––HEN PEcKS |
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serious gram-negative infections resistant to other
β-lactams; meningitis (most penetrate the blood-brain barrier). Examples: _________ for Pseudomonas; __________ for gonorrhea. |
3rd generation (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime)––
ceftazidime for Pseudomonas ceftriaxone for gonorrhea |
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↑ activity against
Pseudomonas and gram-positive organisms. |
4th generation (cefepime, cefpiramide)
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Gram-negative rods- Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp. No activity against gram-positives or anaerobes. For penicillin-allergic patients and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides.
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Aztreonam
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Gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rods, and
anaerobes. Drug of choice for Enterobacter. |
Imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem
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Used for serious, gram-positive multidrug-resistant organisms, including S. aureus and Clostridium difficile (pseudomembranous colitis).
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Vancomycin
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Severe gram-negative rod infections. Synergistic with
β-lactam antibiotics. Neomycin for bowel surgery. |
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin. (GNATS) |
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Vibrio cholerae, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma, Urealyticum, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Tularemia, H. pylori, Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease),
Rickettsia. |
Tetracyclines - Tetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, minocycline.
VACUUM THe BedRoom. |
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URIs, pneumonias, STDs––gram-positive cocci (streptococcal infections in patients allergic to penicillin), Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia, Neisseria.
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Macrolides-
Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin. |
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Meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae).
Conservative use owing to toxicities. |
Chloramphenicol
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Treat anaerobic infections (e.g., Bacteroides fragilis,
Clostridium perfringens). Treats anaerobes above the diaphragm |
Clindamycin
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Gram-positive, gram-negative, Nocardia, Chlamydia. Triple sulfas or SMX for simple UTI.
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Sulfonamides-
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole, triple sulfas, sulfadiazine. |
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recurrent UTIs, Shigella,
Salmonella, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. |
Trimethoprim with Sulfonimides (TMP-SMX)
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Gram-negative rods of urinary and GI tracts (including Pseudomonas), Neisseria, some gram-positive organisms.
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Fluoroquinolones-
Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, enoxacin (fluoroquinolones), nalidixic acid (a quinolone). |
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Anaerobic infection below the diaphragm.
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes (Bacteroides, Clostridium). Used with bismuth and amoxicillin (or tetracycline) for “triple therapy” against H. pylori. |
Metronidazole
GET on the Metro! |
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Resistant gram-negative infections.
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Polymyxins
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The only agent used as solo prophylaxis against TB.
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Isoniazid (INH)
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis; delays resistance to dapsone when used for leprosy. Used for meningococcal prophylaxis and Haemophilus influenzae type B.
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Rifampin
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prophylaxis:
Meningococcal infection |
Rifampin (drug of choice), minocycline
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prophylaxis:
Gonorrhea |
Ceftriaxone
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prophylaxis:
Syphilis |
Benzathine penicillin G
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prophylaxis:
Recurrent UTIs |
TMP-SMX
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prophylaxis:
Pneumocystis Carinii pneumonia |
TMP-SMX (drug of choice), aerosolized pentamidine
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prophylaxis:
Endocarditis with surgical or dental procedures |
Penicillins
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Used for wide spectrum of systemic mycoses.
Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Candida, Mucor (systemic mycoses). Intrathecally for fungal meningitis; does not cross blood-brain barrier. |
Amphotericin B
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“Swish and swallow” for oral candidiasis (thrush); topical for diaper rash or vaginal candidiasis.
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Nystatin
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Systemic mycoses. Fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients and candidal infections of all types (i.e., yeast infections). Ketoconazole for Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Candida albicans; hypercortisolism.
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Fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole
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Used in systemic fungal infections (e.g., Candida, Cryptococcus).
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Flucytosine
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Invasive aspergillosis.
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Caspofungin
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Used to treat dermatophytosis (especially onychomycosis)
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Terbinafine
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Oral treatment of superficial infections; inhibits growth of dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm).
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Griseofulvin
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Prophylaxis and treatment for influenza A; Parkinson’s disease.
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Amantadine
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Inhibit influenza neuraminidase.
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Zanamivir, oseltamivir
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RSV, chronic hepatitis C.
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Ribavirin
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HSV, VZV, EBV. Mucocutaneous and genital herpes lesions. Prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients.
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Acyclovir
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CMV, especially in immunocompromised patients.
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Ganciclovir
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CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients
when ganciclovir fails; acyclovir-resistant HSV. |
Foscarnet
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6 NUCLEOSIDE Reverse transcriptase
inhibitors |
Zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddI), zalcitabine (ddC),
stavudine (d4T), lamivudine (3TC), abacavir. |
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3 NON-NUCLEOSIDE Reverse transcriptase
inhibitors |
Nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz.
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Protease Inhibitors
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Saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir.
Never (navir) tease a protease inhibitor |
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chronic hepatitis B and C, Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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IFN-α
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MS
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IFN-β
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NADPH oxidase deficiency
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IFN-γ
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Onchocerciasis
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Ivermectin
(rIVER blindness treated with IVERmectin) |
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Nematode/roundworm (e.g., pinworm, whipworm) infections.
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Mebendazole/thiabendazole
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Giant roundworm (Ascaris), hookworm (Necator/Ancylostoma), pinworm (Enterobius).
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Pyrantel pamoate
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Trematode/fluke (e.g., schistosomes, Paragonimus, Clonorchis) and cysticercosis.
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Praziquantel
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Cestode/tapeworm (e.g., Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia species) infections except cysticercosis.
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Niclosamide
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Leishmaniasis.
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Pentavalent antimony
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Malaria.
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Chloroquine, quinine,mefloquine, atovaquone,proguanil
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Latent hypnozoite (liver) forms of malaria (Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale).
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Primaquine
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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis.
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TMP-SMX, pentamidine
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Chagas’ disease, American trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma cruzi).
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Nifurtimox
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African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).
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Suramin
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