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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Uses of Ibuprofen and Naproxen
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis Dysmenorrhea Fever Control (Ibuprofen only) General Pain |
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IBUPROFEN
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Half Life - 3.5 hrs
Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Antipyretic Prostaglandin inhibitor (reduces swelling) |
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NAPROXEN
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Half Life - 10-20 hours
Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Prostaglandin inhibitor (reduces swelling) |
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Pediatric Dosing for Ibuprofen
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Based on weight
Temp under 102.5 - 5mg/kg Temp over 102.5 - 10 mg/kg Max. sngl dosage - 40 mg/kg |
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NAPRELAN
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Controlled-released naproxen
Dosing is ONCE daily Preg Cat C Drug interactions - inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis |
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CELECOXIB (Celebrex)
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Selective for COX2 inhibition/blockage
No CV benefit Uses: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Pain, Dysmenorrhea Adv. Effects: GI Upset, Nausea, Renal Complications *Sulfa Allergy - contraindicated |
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ACETAMINOPHEN (Tylenol)
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Limited to blocking/inhibiting prostaglandins in CNS only
Half Life - 2 hrs *High doses can cause liver damage due to toxic metabolites released when metabolized by liver |
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Dosing for Acetaminophen
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Peds - weight based
- under 12 yrs: 10-15 mg/kg q4 hrs Adults (over 12 yrs) - 325-600 mg q4-6 hrs Max. dosage - 4 gm/daily |
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ACETYLCYSTEINE (Mucomyst)
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Overdose Treatment for Acetaminophen
Converts toxic by-product to non-toxic product Needs to be given ASAP after overdose ingestion |
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Type 1 Diabetes
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Destruction of pancreatic Beta cell
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Type 2 Diabetes
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Insulin resistance in major target areas
ex. Liver, muscle, and fat cells |
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Diabetes Management
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*Diet
*Exercise *Insulin |
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INSULIN LISPRO (Humalog)
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Rapid Acting
Onset: 15-30 min Peak: .5-2.5 hr Duration: 3-6.5 hr **immediate |
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REGULAR INSULIN
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Short Acting
Onset: 30-60 min Peak: 1-5 hrs Duration: 6-10 hrs **works soon |
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NPH (Humulin N)
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Intermediate Acting
Onset: 60-120 min Peak: 6-14 hrs Duration: 16-24 hrs **slight delayed response usu. given with regular insulin |
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INSULIN GLARGINE (Lantus)
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Long Acting
Onset: 70 min Peak: None Duration: 24 hrs **usu. given at night before bed to prevent hypoglycemia in am |
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Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
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Blood glucose level: below 70
Sympathetic: shaking, tremors, palpitations Cholinergic: diaphoresis Neuroglycopenic: H/A, confusion (irriatability), weak, faint feeling, warm flushed feeling |
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Factors effecting Insulin Needs
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Increased Needs:
Infection Stress Obesity Adolescent Growth Spurt Pregnancy (after 2nd trimester) **Increased Metabolism=Increased Need Decreased Needs: Pregnancy (1st trimester) Exercise |
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SULFONYLUREAS
(-ide) |
Oral Agents for Type 2
- promotes insulin secretion by the pancreas - promotes tissue response to insulin (by changing barrier to incr. absorption) Onset: 1-2 hrs of ingestion typically taken with breakfast - Glipizide (Glucotrol) - Glyburide (Micronase) Adv Effects: GI: N/V, heartburn Endocrine: hypoglycemia |
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BIGUANIDES
(Metformin) |
- reduces glucose by decreasing production of glucose in liver
- increase uptake of glucose by muscle - **does nothing in pancreas Can be combined with Sulfonylureas Adv Effects: N/V and diarrhea |
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ROSIGLITAZONE (Avandia)
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- Insulin resistance inhibitor (improving target responses and decreasing cellular insulin resistance)
**Sig. Caution with pts with heart disease and increased risk potential for CHF |
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Ketoacidosis
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Type 1 patients only
Caused by increased lipolysis (breaking itself down for glucose) - increasing free fatty acids - causing formation of keto acids |
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Signs and Symptoms of Ketoacidosis
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Increased glucose levels
N/V Polyuria Possible cardiac changes secondary to increased K+ Fruity Breath (due to acetone) Kussmaul breathing (blowing off excess CO2 - long expiratory phase) Fluid shift secondary to Na+ decrease |
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Treatment of Ketoacidosis
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1. Correct acidosis by:
- IV regular insulin followed by insulin infusion 2. Replace fluid loss by: - IV fluids .9% NS with 5% dextrose and poss. CaCl to assist with K+ 3. Restore K+/glucose levels to normal |
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Hypothyroidism
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Malfunction of Thyroid Gland
- Iodine insufficiency - Autoimmune Thyroiditis - Secondary to radiation or surgical removal Diagonostically TSH>3 |
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LEVOTHYROXINE (Synthroid, Levothroid, Levoxyl)
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Narrow Therapeutic Range
Controls protein synthesis, increases metabolic rate, cardiac output, renal blood flow, O2 consumption, body temp, blood volume Tx is lifelong, individually determined, and can take 3-6 months to see benefits |
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Hyperthyroidism
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Malfunction of Thyroid Gland
- Excessive thyroid hormone excretion - caused by autoimmune response - Toxic Nodular Goiter (by secretory tumor) |
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TAPAZOLE (Methamazole)
PROPYLTHIOURACIL (PTU) |
Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and prevents oxidation of iodine
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Treatment for Hyperthyroidism
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Step 1:
- Reduce hyperthyroid state with PTU or Methimazole - Control secondary symptoms (tachycardia, diarrhea, etc.) Step 2: - Destroy thyroid gland with radioactive Iodine (I-131) - Surgically remove gland |
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DESMOPRESSIN
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Used for:
- Maintenance for diabetes insipidus (PO, causes reabsorption of H2O due to ADH insufficiency) - Noctural enuresis (bedwetting) decreases urine production - von Willebrand's disease **patients to decrease water intake (fluid restriction) to prevent H2O intoxication AND watch for hypertension |
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VASOPRESSIN
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Used for:
- diabetes insipidus (acute tx) - post-op abdominal distention - radiographic contrast clearance - resuscitation (IV) **patients to decrease water intake (fluid restriction) to prevent H2O intoxication AND watch for hypertension |
