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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a persistent elevation of arterial blood pressure
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hypertension
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what is the jnc 7's definition of normal BP?
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<120 / < 80
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what is the jnc 7's definition of "pre-hypertension"
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120-139 / 80-89
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what is the jnc 7's definition of Stage I HTN?
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140-159 / 90-99
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what is the jnc 7's definition of Stage II HTN?
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>160 / >100
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why is HTN so dangerous?
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it damages the vasculature and causes end organ damage
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what percentage of the population of americans with HTN have secondary HTN?
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< 5%.
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what are some etiologies of secondary HTN?
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pheochromocytoma, Cushing's, hyperthyroid, hyperparathyroid, pregnancy, chronic renal disease, renovascular disease, steroids, nsaid's, alcohol
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what is the number one risk factor for HTN?
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diabetes
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what is the number two risk factor for HTN?
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obesity
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what are some risk factors for HTN?
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age (male: >55, female: >65)
increased LDL/ decreased HDL, GFR < 60, family Hx, tobacco, physical inactivity |
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what are the 3 main organs that are damaged as a result of HTN?
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heart, kidney, brain
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what are some of the recommended lifestyle modifications according to the JNC 7?
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loose 10 lbs, limit alcohol intake, increase aerobic exercise, reduce Na intake, cease smoking, reduce intake of saturated fats and chol.
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what is the diuretic of choice for HTN?
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thiazide
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which diuretic works at the distal convoluted tube, increases Na, Cl and H2o excretion and reduces the excretion of Ca++?
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thiazide diuretics
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which diuretic is not reccommended for patients with gout as one of its' side effects causes hyperuricemia?
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thiazide diuretics
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which diuretic is good for a patient with osteoporosis?
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thiazide diuretics, ( ca++ excretion is reduced)
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what is the common dose for HCTZ?
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12.5-25mg QD. thiazide diuretic
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what is the common dose/range for chlorthalidone?
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12.5-50mg QD. thiazide diuretic
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what is the common dose/range for indapamide?
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1.25-5mg QD. thiazide diuretic.
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what is the common dose/range for metolazone? and which p is it most commonly used for?
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2.5-10mg QD. thiazide diuretic. MC used for p c CHF due to its' protective qualities to the LV. (vasodilator properties)
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which diuretic is the strongest?
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loop diuretics
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what is the MOA of loop diuretics?
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they work primarily of the ascending loop of henle, inhibiting the Na-K-2Cl symporter.
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which diuretic increases the excretion of Na, Cl, K, H20, and Ca in large amounts?
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loop diuretics
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which diuretic typically needs a K supplement of 10-20 mEq QD?
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loop diuretics
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what is the common dose/range for furosemide?
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(Lasix) 40-240mg BID-TID. loop diuretic. IV or PO
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what is the common dose/range for bumetanide?
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(Bumex) 0.5-4mg BID-TID. loop diuretic. IV or PO
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what is the common dose/range for Torsemide?
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(Demadex) 5-100mg BID-TID.
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what is the common dose/range for Ethacrynic Acid?
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(etacrine) 25-100mg BID-TID. used for patients with true allergy to SULFA.
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what are the two groups of potassium sparing diuretics?
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1. inhibitors of the renal epithelial Na Channels (acts on late distal tube
2.aldosterone antagonists |
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what is considered to be the weakest diuretic?
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Potassium-sparing diuretics. usually used in combination with loops or thiazides. not used as initial tx.
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what is the diuretic of choice to use for a patient with edema secondary to hyperaldosteronism?
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potassium-sparing diuretics
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what is the MC dose/range for amiloride?
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5-10 mg QD. K sparing diuretic
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what is the MC dose/range for spironalactone?
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25-100mg QD. K sparing diuretic. causes gynecomastia.
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what is the MC dose/range for Triameterene?
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25-100 QD. K sparing diuretic.
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what is the MC dose/range for Elperelone?
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25-100mg QD. K sparing diuretic.
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what are considered great drugs (esty's favorite ) for HTN, MI, CHF?
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Beta-Blockers
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what is the MOA of Beta-Blockers?
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reduce cardiac output through negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart. Additionally BB blockade beta receptors at the JGA and decrease the release of RENIN.
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Beta-Blockers cross the blood brain barrier. T/F?
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true. they have CENTRAL ACTION.``
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where do selective Beta blockers work?
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Beta-1. on the heart. good for use on asthma/COPD p.
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what are some examples of nonselective BB?
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propranolol, nadolo, pindolol
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does propanolol cross the blood brain barrier?
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yes. it is lipophilic.
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what is ISA?
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intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity. They decrease BP with out decreasing the HR at rest.
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what are some examples of some selective BB?
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atenolol, metoprolol succinate, acetobutolol, bisoprolol (in europe)
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what are the FDA indications for uses of BB?
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HTN, angina, arrythmias (because of their negative inotropic/chronotropic activities) MI, CHF.
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what is the MC dose/range for Propranolol?
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40-480mg BID. nonselective Beta-Blocker.
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what is the MC dose/range for atenolol?
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25-100 BID. selective BB.
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what is the MC dose/range for acebutolol?
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200-800mg QD. selective BB.
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what is the MC dose/range for metoprolol?
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50-300mg BID. selective BB.
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what is the MC dose/range for Pindolol?
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10-60mg BID. nonselective BB.
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what is the MC dose/range for Carvedilol?
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6.25-50mg BID. (Coreg) MC for CHF. nonselective BB.
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