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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Another name for a drug's generic name?
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International non-proprietary name
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definition of Anxiety
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unease, fear, worry
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unease, fear, worry characterizes?
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anxiety
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symptoms of Anxiety?
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heart palpitations, fatigue, nausea, chest pain, shortness of breath, stomach aches, or headaches
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neural circuits in where are involved in anxiety?
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amygdala and hippocampus
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the amygdala and hippocampus are involved in what disorder?
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anxiety
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what type of drugs can be used for sleep disorders?
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anxiolytic
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how common are anxiety disorders?
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most frequent psychological disorder
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the most frequent psych disorder?
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anxiety
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The major forms of anxiety disorders?
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1. Generalized anxiety disorder
2. Panic disorder 3. Social anxiety disorder 4. Posttraumatic stress disorder |
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Prevalence of anxiety disorder?
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symptoms affect 30% of the general population
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what percentage of affected individuals with anxiety disorders are treated?
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15-36% of the population
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insomnia symptoms
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trouble falling asleep. trouble staying asleep, sleep not restorative (not feeling rested), must last more than a month
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cause for insomnia
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1. physical issues like pain or illness
2. response to drugs 3. response to strenuous exercise 4. psychological issues 5. poor sleep environment |
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how many americans are affected by insomnia
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64 million
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what works best for treating anxiety and insomnia?
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a combo of pharmacotherapy and psychological therapy works best
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what were developed in the 1960s to treat anxiety and sleep disorders
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benzodiazepines
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effects of the body of benzos
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anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsant, amnesic, muscle relaxant
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common benzo drugs and how long they act?
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diazepam and chlordiazepoxide (long), clonazepam and lorazepam (intermediate), triazolam and alprazolam (short)
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how do benzos work?
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bind to the GABA-benzo-chloride receptor, act as agonists, facilitate biding/increase affinity of binding of GABA (do not bind itself), increase the influx of chloride and hyperpolarization
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what to benzos bind to?
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GABA-benzodiapzepine-chloride
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what do benzos increase the influx?
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influx of chloride and hyperpolarization
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what is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter?
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GABA
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what type of receptor is a GABA recpetor?
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ligand-gated ion channel
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what type of neurotransmitter is GABA
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inhibitory neurotransmitter
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what part of brain is affected when benzos affect anxiolytic properties?
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limbic system
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how do benzos affect the limbic system?
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anxiolytic properties, can rest high amygdala threshold
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what do benzos affect in the cerebral cortex and brain stem?
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sedation, increased seizure threshold, cognitive impairment, muscle relaxation
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low doses of benzos effect the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex how?
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moderate anxiety, agitation, and fear
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low doses of benzos affect the cerebral cortex and hippcampus how?
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mediate mental confusion and amnesia
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low doses of benzos affect the spinal cord, brain and cerebellum?
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muscle relaxation
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low doses of benzos affect the cerebellum and hippocampus how?
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antiepileptic actions`
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how many benzos are available in the US?
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15
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how quickly do benzo absorb?
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1 hour
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how are benzos delivered?
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orally (besides midazolam)
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difference in metabolization of long acting and short acting benzos
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long acting agent- metabolized to active intermediates, short-acting go to inactives metabolites
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benzos and the elderly?
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halflife is increased, they have reduced ability to metabolize long lasting benzos, can lead to falls
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