Pharm Inhaled Anesthetics

Front 1

The analgesic effects of nitrous oxide are prominent, but it causes minimal _______________ .

Back 1

skeletal muscle relaxation.

Front 2

Nitrous oxide blood solubility

Back 2

(0.46).

Front 3

Nitrous oxide ability to inactivate

Back 3

vitamin B12.

Front 4

Isoflurane is a _______________ ether

Back 4

halogenated methyl ethyl

Front 5

Desflurane is a ___________________l ether

Back 5

fluorinated methyl ethy

Front 6

____________ rather than chlorination increases vapor pressure (decreases intermolecular attraction), enhances molecular stability, and decreases potency.

Back 6

Fluorination

Front 7

_____________ results from the degradation of ______________ by the strong base present in carbon dioxide absorbents

Back 7

Carbon monoxide

desflurane

Front 8

Sevoflurane is a _________________ ether

Back 8

fluorinated methyl isopropyl

Front 9

sevoflurane breaks down in the presence of the strong bases present in carbon dioxide absorbents to form

Back 9

compounds that are toxic in animals (compounds A).

Front 10

COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY

Back 10

Measurements obtained from normothermic volunteers exposed to equal potent concentrations of inhaled anesthetics during controlled ventilation of the lungs to maintain normocapnia have provided the basis of comparison for the pharmacologic effects of these drugs on various organ systems.

surgically stimulated patients who have other confounding variables may respond in a way different from that of healthy volunteers

Front 11

At about _____ MAC, an abrupt shift of high-voltage activity occurs from posterior to anterior portions of the brain.

Back 11

0.4

Front 12

Cerebral metabolic oxygen requirements also begin to decrease abruptly at about ____ MAC.

Back 12

0.4

Front 13

___________ can produce fast frequency and high voltage on the EEG.

Back 13

Enflurane

This often progresses to spike wave activity that is indistinguishable from the changes that accompany a seizure.

Front 14

3 gas agents that do not evoke seizure activity on the EEG

Back 14

Isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane

Front 15

Volatile anesthetics produce dose-dependent ____________ in cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Back 15

increases

Front 16

Volatile anesthetics administered during normocapnia in concentrations of ____ MAC produce cerebral vasodilation, decreased cerebral vascular resistance, and resulting dose-dependent increases in CBF.

Back 16

>0.6

Front 17

When the EEG becomes ___________ an additional increase in the concentration of the volatile anesthetics does not produce further decreases in cerebral metabolic oxygen requirements.

Back 17

isoelectric,

Front 18

Isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane, but not halothane, _________ heart rate when administered to healthy human volunteers

Back 18

increase

Front 19

Sevoflurane increases heart rate only at concentrations of ______ MAC

Back 19

>1.5

Front 20

Increased right atrial pressure during the administration of nitrous oxide most likely reflects

Back 20

increased pulmonary vascular resistance due to the sympathomimetic effects of this drug.

Front 21

volatile anesthetics decrease blood pressure principally by

Back 21

decreasing systemic vascular resistance

Front 22

___________ does not change systemic vascular resistance.

Back 22

Nitrous oxide

Front 23

Administration of a volatile anesthetic for _____ or longer is accompanied by recovery from the depressant effects of these drugs.

Back 23

5 hours

Front 24

Cardiac Dysrhythmias

Back 24

The ability of volatile anesthetics to decrease the dose of epinephrine necessary to evoke ventricular cardiac dysrhythmias is greatest with the alkane derivative halothane and minimal to nonexistent with the ether derivatives isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane.

Front 25

QTc Interval

Back 25

Halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane prolong the QTc interval on the electrocardiogram in healthy patients.

Front 26

Accessory Pathway Conduction

Back 26

Isoflurane, but not sevoflurane, increases the refractoriness of accessory pathways and the atrioventricular conduction system, thus interfering with interpretation of postablative studies.