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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is empiric therapy?
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the initiation of treatment prior to determination of a firm diagnosis
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What are things to consider when selecting an antibiotic?
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ID of organism
Site of infection Safety of agents Status of patient |
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Which Abx are safe with pregnancy?
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PCN
Cephs Don't give: AG Macrolide |
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what is MIC?
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minimum amount of antimicrobial agent needed to inhibit growth of bacteria
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How much over the MIC do you want to go over to be effective?
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2-4 times the MIC
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would you use a cidal or static Abx with endocarditis?
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Cidal
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which 2 drugs require no modifications for renal pts?
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Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol |
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Which drugs require Major reductions for renal pts?
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AG
Vancomycin Monitor peaks and troughs with these drugs |
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Which drugs do you avoid with renal pts?
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TCN
Sulfonamides Nitrofurantin |
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Which drugs require mild reductions for renal pts?
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PCN
Cephs Clindamycin Rifampin |
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What causes resistance?
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Mutation of bacteria
Overuse and inappropriate use of Abx |
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what is the major mode of bacterial resistance?
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Beta-lactamase:
Penicillinase Gram+/- S.Aureus (40% is resistant) |
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If you see diplococci, what organism may that be?
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Neisseria
Watch for meningitis in babies |
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Which drugs target the cell wall
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PCN
Cephalosporins Carbapenem Monobactams |
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Which drugs target ribosomes(protein synthesis)
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Macrolides
AG Rifamfin Chloramphenicol Oxazolidinone Streptogramin Tetracycline |
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how do quinolones work?
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By inhibiting DNA synthesis
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List some Gram - Cocci
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N.gonorrhea
N.meningitidis M.catarrhalis |
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Name two protozoa
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PCP
Toxoplasma gondi |
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Name the Atypical Bacteria
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Chlamydia
Legionella Mycoplasma Pneumonia Mycobacterium TB Mycobacterium (MAC) |
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Which drugs inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid?
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Sulfonamides, they're bacteriostatic
Ex: Bactrim |
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what is the MOA of sulfonamides?
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inhibit folic acid synthesis
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when can you use Dapsone (a PABA antagonist)?
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With HIV patients
With pts who cannot tolerate Bactrim |
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What are the adverse effects of sulfonamides?
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SJS
Hemolytic anemia Hypoglycemia(esp.IV) Agranulocytosis(rare) Kernicterus Jaundice |
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What are the drug interactions of sulfonamides?
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Warfarin- >INR(risk of bleed)
Oral hypoglycemic agents NIDDM |
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What is the MOA of Trimethoprim?
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Inhibits dyhydrofolate reductase
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What is the adverse effects of Trimethoprim?
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Folic acid deficiency; you should take supplements
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What are some uses of Trimethoprim?
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Meningococcal Meningitis(BBB)
Salmonella Gram +/- UTI PCP PCN allergic |
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PCN is only effective agains which organisms?
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the ones that synthesize peptidoglycan cell walls
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Which are the anti-staph PCNs?
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the CONDM drugs
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Which drugs are Extended spectrum, beta-lactamase inhibitor PCNs?
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Augmentin- Amox/clauv acid
Unasyn- Amp/sulbactam |
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Which are the anti-pseudomonal PCNs?
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MPCAT
Mezlocillin Piperacillin Carbecillin Azlocillin Ticarcillin Most can have BLIs |
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What is the DOC for ghonorrhea?
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Benzathine PCN G
or Rocephin |
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which PCN is not good for liver patients?
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Nafcillin: liver metabolized
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Which of the CONDM drugs do you need to dose adjust?
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Methicillin
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which PCN causes bone marrow suppression?
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Nafcillin
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which PCN can cause interstitial nephritis?
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All
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What is a good agent to treat salmonella or shigella?
Also for prophylactic C-Section |
Oral Ampicillin
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What are the side effects of ampicillin?
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Diarrhea (wipes out normal flora)
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Which AG would you use with peperacillin to double cover
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Tobramycin
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which PCNs can give you hypokalemia?
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Carbecillin and Ticarcillin
because they increase the Na load Don't use with HTN patients |
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What are the side effects of PCNs?
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N/V
Allergy: haptems GI SJS Superinfections(C.diff) |
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Causes Bone marrow suppression, grey-baby syndrome, and is very toxic
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Chloramphenicol
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Which FQ is a broad spectrum with excellent anaeorobe coverage and crosses BBB
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Trovafloxacin
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which AG can be used for gut decontamination before surgery
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Neomycin
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Name the aminopenicillins/Extended spectrum
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Ampicillin
Amoxicillin |
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Which aminopenicillin causes diarrhea
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ampicillin
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