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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Colorless, tasteless, odorless gas that is formed by incomplete combustion
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Carbon Monoxide
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What is the TLV-TWA value for Carbon Monoxide?
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25 ppm
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What are the s/s of Carbon Monoxide poisoning?
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Psychomotor impairment
Headache Confusion Loss of visual acuity Tachycardia, tachypnea, syncope Coma Deep coma, convulsion, shock Respiratory failure |
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What is the treatment for Carbon Monoxide poisoning?
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Ventilation & removal from CO source
Half-life = 320 min |
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Colorless gas that irritates the skin, mucus membranes and eyes; TLV-TWA = 2 ppm
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Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
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90% of ________ is inhaled, which causes bronchoconstriction
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Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
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What are the s/s of SO2 intoxication?
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Irritation of the eyes, nose and throat
Reflex bronchoconstriction. Delayed onset pulmonary edema Chronic cardiopulmonary disease |
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What is the treatment for SO2 intoxication?
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General treatment of irritated pulmonary system
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Patients with ______ are more sensitive to SO2 inhalation.
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Asthma
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Brownish irritant gas with TLV-TWA = 3 ppm
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Nitrogen Oxides (NO2)
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What are the s/s of NO2 intoxication?
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Alveoli irritation may cause pulmonary edema - acute exposure (1-2 hours).
Irritation of the eyes & nose Cough Frothy sputum Dyspnea Chest pain. |
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What is the treatment for NO2 intoxication?
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Oxygenation and ventilation
Bronchodilators, sedatives and antibiotics. |
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Bluish irritant gas with TLV-TWA = 0.05 ppm
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Ozone (O3)
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What are the s/s of Ozone intoxication?
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UR irritation (mild exposure)
Deep lung irritation Dryness of throat |
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What is the treatment for Ozone intoxication?
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No specific tx
Similar to NO2: Oxygenation and ventilation Bronchodilators, sedatives and antibiotics. |
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Halogenated Alliphatic Hydrocarbons toxicity is characterized by _________, ___________, _______ & ________
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CNS depression
Nephrotoxicity Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity |
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What is the TLV-TWA of Tetrachloroethylene?
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25 ppm
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What does overexposure to Tetrachloroethylene cause?
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Impaired memory
Peripheral Neuropathy |
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What is the TLV-TWA of Toluene?
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50 ppm
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Toluene, Tetrachloroethylene, and chloroform are classified as ______________
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Halogenated Alliphatic Hydrocarbons
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Exposure to Benzene at 7500 ppm for 30 minutes will cause _____________
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CNS depression
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Chronic exposure to Benzene may result in ___________ (5)
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Bone marrow injury
Aplastic anemia Leukopenia Pancytopenia Thrombocytopenia |
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Exposure of _________ppm of Benzene may result in rapid loss of consciousness
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10,000 ppm
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DDT (Chlorphenthane), benzenhexachlorides, cyclodienes and toxaphene are ________ pesticides.
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Organochlorine
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What are the s/s associated with Organochlorine overexposure?
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Altered neuronal excitability in humans leading to CNS stimulation.
DDT tremor Convulsions |
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Are Organochlorine pesticides considered persistent chemicals - do they bioaccumulate?
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YES
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What is the MOA of Organophosphorus Insecticides (for commercial use)
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Plant systemics; distriubted throughout the plant and fed on by insects; antiparasitics
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What adverse effects can overexposure of Organophosphorus Insecticides cause in humans?
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Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
Altered neurological and cognitive function; Neurotoxicity Motor and sensory difficulties involving hands and legs (changes in the gait) |
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Are Organophosphorus Insecticides considered persistent chemicals - do they bioaccumulate?
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NO
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Are Carbamate Insecticides considered persistent chemicals - do they bioaccumulate?
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NO
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Nicotine, rotenone, and pyrethrum are ________ insecticides
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Botanical
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Nicotine stimulates _______
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ANS
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Rotenone exposure causes ____________ (4)
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Conjunctivitis
Dermatitis Pharyngitis Rhinitis |
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Pyresthrum toxicity causes __________
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CNS excitation
Convulsions Tetanic paralysis |
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What is a lethal dose of Chlorophenoxy Herbicides for humans?
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50-500 or 500-5000mg/kg
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Large concentrations of ________herbicides cause coma and muscle hypotonia in humans.
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chlorophenoxy herbicides
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What are Chlorophenoxy Herbicides used for?
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Weed/Plant Killer
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What is a lethal dose of Bipyridyl Herbicides for humans?
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50-500mg
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Bipyridyl Herbicide intoxication can lead to __________ (3)
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Pulmonary edema
Alveolitis Progressive fibrosis. |
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Highly stable, lipid soluble
Dielectric and heat transfer fluids, plasticizers and flame retardants. |
PCBs
Polychlorinated Biphenyls |
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Do PCBs bioaccumulate?
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YES
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What are the derm problems associated with PCBs?
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Erythema
Dryness Rash Hyperkeratosis Hyperpigmentation. |
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Can PCBs cause cognitive deficits in children?
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YES
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What are the byproducts of PCBs that persist in the environment?
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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDDs) or dioxins
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