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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How to treat ulcerative and inflammatory conditions
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1. neutralize acid
2. reduce gastric acid secretion 3. enhance mucosal defenses (cytoprotective or anti-microb) |
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Sodium bicarb: adverse effects
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systemic alkalosis, fluid retention
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calcium carbonate: SE
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hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, milk-alkali syndrome
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aluminum hydroxide: SE
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constipation, hypophasphatemia, drug absorption reduces bioavail
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Mag hydroxide/trisilicate: SE
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diarrhea, hypermag in pts w/ renal insuff.
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Which agonists control gastric acid secretion?
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histamine, acetylcholine, gastrin
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Antihistamines to reduce gastric acidity: what are they and how work?
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cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine, nizatidine
(the SIM FAMILY RAN to NAZERETH) Work on H2 receptors |
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What the proton pump inhibitors and how do they work?
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omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole... they work by inhibiting the parietal cell proton pump!!!
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omeprazole, side note
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prilosec is activated from the prodrugs by the acidic environment of the stomach... so do NOT give a base first.
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octreotide
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somatostatin analogue, inhibits gastirc acid secretion, parenteral administration is required
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sucralfate
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directly inhibits pepsin and bile action/ Does not change the pH of stomach
requires acidic environment |
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bismuth subsalicylate
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pepto bismo!!
especially useful with Abx for H pylori |
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prostaglandins, misoprostol
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may prevent gastric acid secretion
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how to treat h pylori?
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two Abx and PPI ideal
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metoclopramide
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increase resting tone of lower eso sphincter and stomach, hastens clearance, accelerates gastric emptying
cholinomemetic also anti-emetic properties, as it is a dopamine antagonist |
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apomorphine
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emetic, CTZ stimulant via dopamine receptors
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ipecac
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emetic, irritant to stomach and some action directly on the CTZ
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What are the antiemetics?
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chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, trimethobenzmide, metochlorporamie, ondansetron
most are dopamine antagonists at the CTZ |
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What are the three catagories of laxatives?
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1, irritants/stimulants
2. bulkifiers 3. softeners |
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how do opiates help with motility?
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promote sustained contraction of the intestine and interrupt notmal organized peristalsis
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H2 blockers?
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Famotidine, ranitidine, nizatidine, cimetidine
(the FAMILY RAN to the NAZI CINEMA in WW2 [h2]) |
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What are the three enhancers of mucosal defenses??
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prostaglandins, bismuth subsalicylate, sucralfate
(PEANUT BUTTER SANDWHICH) |
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How do anti-motion sickness drugs work?
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block H1 receptors
blocks synaptic relay along the 8th cranial nerve track |
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what are the irritants/stimulants that act as laxatives?
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castor oil (hydrolyzed to ticinoleic acid by lipases, may induce premature labor)
emodin alkaloids (metabolized by bacteria) diphenylmethanes |
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what are the two groups of bulking laxatives?
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osmotic and fiber
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what is magnesium hydroxide?
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milk of magnesia, an osmotic laxative
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how do stool softeners work?
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coating and lubricating stool and preventing normal absorption of water
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what are the motility agents (laxatives)?
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opiates (sustained contraction of intestine)
diphenoxylate & atropine loperamide (immodium) |
