Pharm- Hiv Antiviral

Front 1

Lessons learned form monotherapy with HIV

Back 1

HIV rapidly develops resistance when one drug is used. Benefit lasted only two yeart.. Patients with lower HIV rna levels survived longer.

Front 2

HAART.

Back 2

Highly Active anti retroviral therapy. Aggressive treatment with many antivirals to keep RNA load down.

Front 3

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibiors (nRTI) lack what?

Back 3

3'hydroxyl. All of these drugs require conversion to the triphosphate form. The triphophate causes chain termination.

Front 4

Zidovudine, emtricitabine, tenofovir, abacavir, didanosine, lamivudine

Back 4

nRTI

Front 5

nRTI toxicity

Back 5

Inhibition of mitochondrial function. Lactic acidosis, hepatic steatosis, peripheral neuropathy.

Front 6

Non-nucleoside reverse inhibitors (nnrti)

Back 6

Nevirapine and Efavirenz. Don't require metabolic activation. Noncompetitive inhibitor of RT. Cross resistance common.

Front 7

Protease Inhibitors

Back 7

Block action of proteases responsible for splitting viral DNA into functional pieces. Metabolize by or induced by CYP3A4. Lipodystrophy in extremities and depositied to buffalo hump and abdomen. Elevated fats and glucose.

Front 8

Protease inhibitor examples

Back 8

Atazanavir, fosamprenavir, darunavir, lopinavir, saquinavir.

Front 9

Ritonavir

Back 9

A protease but not really. It does something called protease boosting which is where we give a sub-therapeutic dose to inhibit P450 metabolism of other protease inhibitors.

Front 10

Raltegravir

Back 10

Integrase inhibitor so block insertion of HIV DNA into host cell.

Front 11

Enfurvirtide

Back 11

Fusion inhibitor. Targets gp41. Its a protein combined with other drugs. Only used when other options have failed.

Front 12

Maraviroc

Back 12

Entry inhibitor. Blocks CCR5 which is how HIV gets into the cell. Does not bind CXCR4.