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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What do you use to monitor heparin? enoxaparin? warfarin?
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Hep: PTT
enox: don't need to monitor Warfarin: PT |
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Rapid reversal of heparin? warfarin?
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hep: protamine sulfate
warf: IV vit K and fresh frozen plasma |
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How do you administer/where does it act for hep and warf?
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Hep: IV acts in blood
Warf: oral acts in liver |
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Between hep and warf, which is teratogenic
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warfarin (because it crosses the placenta)
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Which is for acute decoag (DVT, PE, MI, stroke) and which is for chroinc anticoag (post STEMI)?
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Hep for acute
Warf for chronic (think about how each acts) |
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What do you use in Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia?
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Lepirudin, Bivalirudin
how do they work? |
directly inhibit thrombin
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what drugs can be used in early MI or early ischemic stroke?
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Thrombolytics: streptokinase, urokinase, tPA (alteplase)
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In whom are thrombolytics contraindicated?
what do you treat toxicity with? |
pts with a history of bleeds or pt with recent surgery
Aminocaproic acid |
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inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors thus preventing GpIIb/IIIa expression?
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clopidogrel and ticlopidine
used for? |
Acute coronary syndrome, stenting
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phosphodiesterase III inhibitor which increases cAMP in platelets thus inhibiting aggregation?
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cilostazol, dipyridamole
used for? |
intermittent claudication, coronary vasodilation, prevention of strokes, angina (since also a vasodilator)
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GpIIb/IIIa direct inhibition?
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Abciximab
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what drug types block DNA synthesis?
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Antimetabolites and Etoposide
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What drug types block G2?
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bleomycin and etoposide
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What drugs block mitoses?
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Vinca alkaloids and taxols
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folic acid analog that inhibit dihydrofolate reductase?
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Methotrexate
toxicities? |
1) myelosuppression (rescued by leucovorin)
2) Macrovesicular fatty change in liver 3) Teratogen (neural tube defects) |
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pyrimidine analog which inhibits thymidylate synthase
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5-fluoruracil
toxicities? |
myelosuppression not rescued by leucovorin
photosensitivity |
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purine (thiol) analog that decrease de novo purine synthesis
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6-mercaptopurine AND 6-thioguanine
what substance increases 6-MP toxicity? |
allopurinol
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pyrimidine analog that inhibits DNA polymerase
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cytarabine (ara-C)
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intercalates in DNA?
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Actinomycin D
used for? |
Childhood tumors: Wilm's, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
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Generate free radicals and non-covalently intercalates in DNA
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Doxorubicin and daunorubicin
toxicity? |
Cardiotoxicity (dilated cardiomyopathy),
myelosuppression and alopecia |
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induces free radical formation
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Bleomycin
toxicity? |
pulmonary fibrosis, skin changs
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inhibits topoisomerase II which increases DNA degradation
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Etoposide
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Drugs used for testicular cancer?
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Etoposide, Bleomycin and cisplatin
(eradicate ball cancer) |
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What does cyclophosphamide need to be activated?
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bioactivation by liver
toxicity of cyclo |
hemorrhagic cystitis
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used for brain tumors since they cross the bbb?
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Nitrosoureas (carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin)
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alkalates DNA?
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Busulfan
toxicity? |
pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation
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alkaloids that bind to tubulin in M-phase and block polymerization of microtubules so that mitotic spindle cannot breakdown
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Vincristine and Vinblastine
toxicity? |
peripheral neuropathy (crist), bone marrow suppression (blast)
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hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules in M-phase so spindle can't breakdown
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paclitaxel/taxols
used for? |
ovarian and breast cancers
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cross link DNA
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Cisplatin, carboplatin
toxicity? |
nephrotoxic and acoustic nerve damage
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inhibits ribonucleotide reductase thus decreasing dna synthesis
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hydroxyurea
used in? |
Sickle cell, melanoma, CML
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triggers apoptosis
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prednisone
used for? |
cancers and immunosuppression
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SERMs act how in breast/bone?
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antagonist in breast (used in breast cancer)
agonist in bone (fights osteoporosis) |
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which of the SERMs is a partial agonist at the endometrium?
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tamoxifen
therefore what happens? |
increased risk of endometrial carcinoma and hot flashes
(raloxifene doesn't have these side effects) |
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monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (a tyrosine kinase) Used in metastatic breast cancer
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trastuzumab
toxicity |
cardio
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monoclonal antibody against CD-20 (B-cell neoplasms)
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rituximab
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what is synergistic with methotrexate?
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5-FU
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