Pharm- Gi

Front 1

What is the mechanism of action of bactericidal drugs? Classes?

Back 1

Beta lactam drugs bind transpeptidase (aka penicillin binding protein PDP), and interrupt cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands and cell wall is not completed. Classes: Cell wall inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors, DNA gyrase inhibitors

Front 2

Why is staph aureus resistant to penicillin?

Back 2

It produces a large amount of penicillinase which can hydrolyze most penicillins

Front 3

What is penicillanase?

Back 3

is a penicillin specific beta lacatamse, which hydrolyzes the beta lactam structure of penicillin, so it can destroy the penicillin before it inhibits cell wall synthesis

Front 4

What are the penicillins?

Back 4

Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Methicillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ticaricillin, Pipericillin

Front 5

Which of the penicillins are resistant to beta lactamase?

Back 5

Methicillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin

Front 6

Which of the penicillins are both gram positive and negative

Back 6

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ticaricillin, Pipericillin.

Front 7

What is the MOA of beta lactamase inhibitors?

Back 7

Suicide inhibitors. Bind beta-lactamase and spare amoxicillin and ampicillin from hydrolysis when treating penicillinase-producing staphylococci.

Front 8

What are the beta lactamase inhibitors?

Back 8

Clavulanic acid, Sulbactum, Tazobactum

Front 9

What are the generations of the cephalosporins?

Back 9

1- Cefazolin, Cephalexin. 2-Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin. 3-Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime. 4-Cefepime

Front 10

What is the MOA of bacteriostatic drugs? What are the different classes?

Back 10

Inhibit the growth of the organism, agents that inhibit protein synthesis. Classes: Macrolides, Tetracyclines, 50S drugs

Front 11

Which drug can be used as an alternate therapy in beta lactam allergy. It has no cross allergenicity with penicillin or cephalosporins

Back 11

Aztreonam, class= monobactum

Front 12

What drugs are used to treat UTIs and have a very broad spectrum of activity?

Back 12

Class= Carbapenem. Drugs= Imipenem, Meropenem, Etrapenem, Doripenem

Front 13

In what situations are bacteriocidal drugs preferred in?

Back 13

Infections with poor blood flow (endocarditis), Low WBC, CSF penetration (meningitis). Places where you have trouble getting high concentrations of drugs.

Front 14

What are the non beta lactam, cell wall synthesis inhibitors?

Back 14

Vancomycin, Polymyxin B Colistin, and Daptomycin

Front 15

What is the MOA of Vancomycin and what toxicity do you see when its combined with aminoglycosides?

Back 15

It binds the D-alanine residue of the pentapeptide and prevents lining with pentaglycine. Get ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Front 16

What is the alternative to vancomycin?

Back 16

Daptomycin

Front 17

Which antifolate nucleic acid inhibitors are PABA analohs and inhibit synthesis of Dihydrofolic acid?

Back 17

Sulfisoxazole and sulfamethoxazole

Front 18

What antifolate nucleic acid inhibitors are used in combination with sulfanomides and inhibit dihydrofolate reductase?

Back 18

Trimethoprim and pyrimethamine

Front 19

Which antifolate nucleic acid inhibitors block purine production and nucleic acid synthesis and are synergistic combination against folate synthesis?

Back 19

Trimethropim-Sulfamethoxazole

Front 20

What are the fluroquinolones (nucleic acid inhibitors)?

Back 20

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin

Front 21

What are the macrolides? (protein synthesis inhibitors)? And MOA

Back 21

Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Telithromycin. They bind 50s ribosomal subunit

Front 22

What are the tetracylines?

Back 22

Tetracyline, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tigecycline

Front 23

What drugs that bind 50s, which one is bacteriostatic?

Back 23

Clindamycin, Linezolid, Chloromphenicol and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin is bacteriocidal

Front 24

What drug causes gray baby syndrome?

Back 24

Chloramphenicol

Front 25

What drugs are in the class aminoglycosides of protein synthesis inhibitors?

Back 25

Gentamiicin (gram negative), Tobramycin, Amikacin, Streptomycin, Neomycin and Spectinomycin

Front 26

What do you need to block before treatment with chemotherapy?

Back 26

Block 5HT3

Front 27

What you do you need if you're patient is vomiting?

Back 27

D2 receptor

Front 28

Ondansetron

Back 28

5HT3 antagonis, serotonin receptor. Antiemetic w/ Granisetron

Front 29

Metoclopramide

Back 29

DA antagonist, antiemetic w/ Prochlorperazine

Front 30

Diphenhydramine

Back 30

H1 antagonist, antiemtic w/ Meclizine and Promethazine

Front 31

Dronabinol

Back 31

tetrahydrocannabinoids, antiemetic

Front 32

Aprepitant

Back 32

NK1 receptor, antiemetic

Front 33

Azathioprine

Back 33

Blocks DNA synthesis, for IBD w/ infiximab, prednisone, budesonide, 5-ASA

Front 34

Metronidazole

Back 34

antiprotozoal w/ Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

Front 35

Chloroquine and Primaquine

Back 35

antimalarial w/ Mefloquine, quinine

Front 36

Mebendezole

Back 36

antihelminth w/ Pyrantel pamoate and Praziquantel

Front 37

Isoiazid MOA

Back 37

blocks synthesis of mycolic acid. Anti TB

Front 38

Ethambutol MOA

Back 38

inhibits arabinosyl transferase and cell wall synthesis. Anti TB

Front 39

Rifampin MOA

Back 39

blocks RNA synthesis. Anti TB

Front 40

Pyrazinamide MOA

Back 40

Anti TB

Front 41

Efavirenz

Back 41

NNRTI

Front 42

Zidovudine

Back 42

NRTI w/ lamivudine, Tenofovir, Emtricitabine

Front 43

Atazanavir

Back 43

Protease inhibitors w/ Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Fosamprenavir