Pharm - General

Front 1

Enzyme kinetics

Michaelis-Menten eqn?
Km rep? = [S] when?
Vmax proportional to?
Chart:
Y-axis? X-axis? Y-int? X-int? Slope?
Competitive inh change?
Noncompetitive inh change?

Back 1

v = vmax[S]/Km + [S]

Affinity of enzyme for substrate (inverse)
When 1/2 vmax, Km = [S]

Enzyme concentration

Y-axis: 1/V; X-axis: 1/[S]
Y-int: 1/Vmax; X-int: 1/-Km
Slope = Km/Vmax
Comp inh change Km (dec potency)
Noncomp inh change Vmax (dec efficacy)

Front 2

amount of drug in body/_______ = Vd

Back 2

plasma drug concentration (note: Vd is Volume of Distribution)

Front 3

rate of elimination of drug/[plasma drug] = ?

Back 3

CL (Clearance)

Front 4

(.7)(Vd)/CL = ?

Back 4

T 1/2

Front 5

A drug infused at a constant rate reaches about 94% of steady state after _______ t 1/2s.

Back 5

4-5

Front 6

A loading dose is calculated using this formula.

Back 6

(Cp)(Vd)/F (note: Cp = target plasma concentration, and F = bioavailability)

Front 7

A maintenance dose is calculated using this formula.

Back 7

(Cp)(CL)/F

Front 8

Rate of elimination is proportional to _______ ______ in 1st order elimination.

Back 8

drug concentration (constant fraction of drug eliminate/time)

Front 9

In the case of EtOH, which is elimated by _____ order elimination, a constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time.

Back 9

zero

Front 10

Phase ____ (I or II) reactions yield slightly polar metabolites that are often _____ (active or inactive)

Back 10

I, active

Front 11

Phase ____ (I or II) reactions yield very polar metabolites that are often _____ (active or inactive) and are excreted by the _______.

Back 11

II, inactive, kidney

Front 12

Phase II reactions are often of this type.

Back 12

conjugation

Front 13

Cytochrome P-450 is involved in _____ phase (I or II) reactions.

Back 13

I

Front 14

Drugs are first tested in patients in phase _____ of clinical testing, pharmacokinetic safety is determined in phase ______ of clinical testing, double blind tests are done in phase ____ and post-market surveillance is done in phase _____.

Back 14

2,1,3,4

Front 15

In a dose response curve, a competitive antagonist shifts the curve _____, while a non-competitive antagonist shifts the curve ______.

Back 15

right, down

Front 16

What pharmacologic relationship would determine the existence of spare receptors?

Back 16

EC50 < Kd

Front 17

What does it mean if EC50 and Kd are equal?

Back 17

The system does not have spare receptors

Front 18

A partial agonist acts on the same receptor system as a full agonist? True or false

Back 18

T

Front 19

What's the main difference between a partial agonist and a full agonist?

Back 19

A partial agonist has a lower maximal efficacy.

Front 20

Is a partial agonist less potent than a full agonist?

Back 20

Not necessarily. It can be less, more or equally potent as a full agonist.

Front 21

In renal or liver dz, how do you change maintenance dose?

Back 21

Dec

Front 22

In renal or liver dz, how do you hange loading dose?

Back 22

Unchanged

Front 23

Which 3 drugs show zero order metabolism?

Back 23

Phenytoin, Ethanol, Aspirin (PEA)

Front 24

Efficacy is defined as

Back 24

maximal effect a drug can produce

Front 25

Potency is defined as

Back 25

amount of drug needed for a given effect

Front 26

Drug reactions

Front 27

Pulmonary fibrosis (3)

Back 27

bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan

Front 28

Hepatitis (2)

Back 28

isoniazid, halothane

Front 29

Focal to massive hepatic necrosis (4)

Back 29

halothane, valproic acid, acetaminophen, amanita phalloides

Front 30

Anaphylaxis (1)

Back 30

penicillin

Front 31

SLE-like syndrome (4). [mnemonic: it's not HIPP to have lupus]

Back 31

hydralazine, INH, procainamide, phenytoin

Front 32

Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients (8)

Back 32

sulfonamides, INH, aspirin, ibuprofen, primaquine, nitrofurantoin, pyrimethamine, chloramphenicol

Front 33

Thrombotic complications (1 class)

Back 33

OCPs (e.g. estrogens and progestins)

Front 34

Adrenocortical insufficiency (withdrawal of what class of drugs causes adrenocortical insufficiency?)

Back 34

withdrawal of glucocorticoids causes hypothalamic-pituitary-axis suppression

Front 35

Photosensitivity reactions (3) [mnemonic: SAT for a photo]

Back 35

Sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracycline

Front 36

Induce P-450 system (6)

Back 36

barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, griseofulvin, quinidine

Front 37

Inhibit P-450 system (6, including one fruit)

Back 37

cimetidine, ketoconazole, grapefruit, erythromycin, INH, sulfonamides

Front 38

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (5)

Back 38

sulfonamides, furosemide, methicillin, rifampin, NSAIDs (except aspirin)

Front 39

Hot flashes (1)

Back 39

Tamoxifen

Front 40

Cutaneous flushing (4)

Back 40

niacin, Ca++ channel blockers, adenosine, vancomycin

Front 41

Cardiac toxicity (2)

Back 41

doxorubicin (adriamycin), daunorubicin

Front 42

Agranulocytosis (3, all start with letter C)

Back 42

clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine

Front 43

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (3)

Back 43

ethosuximide, sulfonamides, lamotrigine

Front 44

Cinchonism (2)

Back 44

quinidine, quinine

Front 45

Tendonitis, tendon rupture and cartilage damage (kids) (1)

Back 45

fluoroquinolones

Front 46

Disulfiram-like reaction (4)

Back 46

metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, procarbazine, sulfonylureas

Front 47

Otoxicity and nephrotoxicity (3)

Back 47

aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, cisplatin

Front 48

Drug-induced Parkinson's (4)

Back 48

haloperidol, chlorpromazine, resperine, MPTP

Front 49

Torsades de pointes (two subclasses of antiarrhythmics)

Back 49

Class III (sotalol), class IA (quinidine) antiarrhythmics

Front 50

Aplastic anemia (3)

Back 50

chloramphenicol, benzene, NSAIDs

Front 51

Neuro/nephrotoxicity (1)

Back 51

polymyxins

Front 52

Pseudomembranous colitis (2)

Back 52

clindamycin, ampicillin

Front 53

Gynecomastia (5) [mnemonic: Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers]

Back 53

spironolactone, digitalis, cimetidine, chronic Alcohol use, estrogens, ketoconazole

Front 54

Atropine-like side effects (1)

Back 54

tricyclics

Front 55

Cough (1)

Back 55

ACE inhibitors (losartan --&gt; no cough)

Front 56

Gingival hyperplasia (1)

Back 56

phenytoin

Front 57

Diabetes insipidus (1)

Back 57

lithium

Front 58

Tardive dyskinesia (1)

Back 58

antipsychotics

Front 59

Fanconi's syndrome (1)

Back 59

tetracycline

Front 60

Gray baby syndrome (1)

Back 60

chloramphenicol

Front 61

Extrapyramidal side effects (3)

Back 61

chlorpromazine, thioridazine, haloperidol

Front 62

Osteoporosis (2)

Back 62

corticosteroids, heparin

Front 63

Drug name

Front 64

ane

Back 64

inhalational general anesthetic. Halothane

Front 65

azepam

Back 65

benzodiazepine. Diazepam

Front 66

azine

Back 66

phenothiazine (neuroleptic, antiemetic). Chlorpromazine

Front 67

azole

Back 67

antifungal. Ketoconazole

Front 68

barbital

Back 68

barbiturate. Phenobarbital

Front 69

caine

Back 69

local anesthetic. Lidocaine

Front 70

cillin

Back 70

penicillin. Methicillin

Front 71

cycline

Back 71

antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor. Tetracycline

Front 72

ipramine

Back 72

tricyclic antidepressant. Imipramine

Front 73

navir

Back 73

protease inhibitor. Saquinavir

Front 74

olol

Back 74

beta antagonist. Propranolol

Front 75

operidol

Back 75

butyrophenone (neuroleptic). Haloperidol

Front 76

oxin

Back 76

cardiac glycoside (inotropic agent). Digoxin

Front 77

phylline

Back 77

methylxanthine. Theophylline

Front 78

pril

Back 78

ACE inhibitor. Captopril

Front 79

terol

Back 79

beta-2 agonist. Albuterol

Front 80

tidine

Back 80

H2 antagonist. Cimetidine

Front 81

triptyline

Back 81

tricyclic antidepressant. Amitriptyline

Front 82

tropin

Back 82

pituitary hormone. Somatotropin

Front 83

zosin

Back 83

alpha-1 antagonist. Prazosin