Pharm First Aid

Front 1

decreased Km

Back 1

increased affinity

Front 2

Competitive inhibitor on 1/v;1/s graph

Back 2

"competitively crosses" the uninhibited drug line at the y intercept; lesser affinity, same vmax

Front 3

noncompetitive inhibitor on the 1/v;1/s graph

Back 3

noncompetitor, noncrossing; shares x-intercept with uninhibited; same Km, lesser vmax

Front 4

volume of distribution

Back 4

amount of drug in the body/plasma drug concentration

Front 5

clearance

Back 5

rate of drug elimination/plasmadrug concentration

or

volume of distribution/elimination constant

Front 6

half-life equation; drug infusion

Back 6

(.7xVolume of distribution)/clearance

a drug infused at constant rate reaches 94% of steady state in 4 half lives

Front 7

loading dose equation

Back 7

=Cp x Vd/F (Cp is target plasma level and F is bioavailability)

Front 8

Maintenance dose

Back 8

=Cp x CL/F

Front 9

Zero order elimination (give examples)

Back 9

constant rate of elimination

PEA - Phanytoin, Ethanol, Aspirin PEAs are round like a Zero

Front 10

First Order elimination

Back 10

constant Fraction of drug is eliminated per unit time

Front 11

effect of an antagonist

Back 11

decreases potency, (more drug required for the same effect)

Front 12

effect of a non-competitive antagonist

Back 12

decreases efficacy (decreases the maximal effect possible by the agonist-drug)

Front 13

partial agonists

Back 13

have a LOWER MAXIMAL EFFECT/EFFICACY; may have a lower, higher or identicle potency (based on the EC50 of the full agonist).

Front 14

Therapeutic index

Back 14

TILE: TI = Ld50/Ed50 (toxic dose and effective doe respectively); safer drugs have a higher TI

Front 15

G-protein linked second messengers.

Back 15

KISS and KICK til you're SICK of SEX
QISS and QIQ til you're SIQ of SQS
Order: a1b1a2b2; m1m2m3; d1d2h1; h2v1v2

Front 16

a1

Back 16

q: vasoconstriction; pupil dilation

Front 17

a2

Back 17

i: decreases both sympathetic outflow and insulin release

Front 18

b1

Back 18

s: increases heart rate contractility, renin release, and lipolysis

Front 19

b2

Back 19

s: vaso/broncho dilation; increases HR contractility, lipolysis, glucagon release

decreases uterine tone

Front 20

m1

Back 20

q: CNS, enteric nervous system

Front 21

m2

Back 21

i: decreases HR and contractility

Front 22

m3

Back 22

q: increases exocrine secretion, gut peristalsis, bladder contraction, bronchoconstriction; increases pupillary sphincter tone (miosis) and ciliary contraction (accomodation

Front 23

d1

Back 23

s: relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

Front 24

d2

Back 24

i: modulares transmitter release, esp. in the brain

Front 25

h1

Back 25

q: increases nasal and bronchial mucus, contraction of the bronchioles, pruritis, pain

Front 26

h2

Back 26

s: increases gastric acid secretion

Front 27

v1

Back 27

q: vascular smooth muscle contraction

Front 28

v2

Back 28

s: increases H2O permeability and reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidney

Front 29

Gq receptor types

Back 29

HAVe 1 M&M - H1, a1, V1, M1, M3

Front 30

Gs receptor types

Back 30

stimulated To(2) BeHaVe BaD1y - B2, H2, V2, B1, D1

Front 31

Gi receptor Types:

Back 31

MAD 2's: M2 a2 D2

Front 32

Cholinergic syndromes

Back 32

Over-stimulation of ACh receptors:

DUMBBELSS: diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skm/cns, lacrimation, sweating, salivation

Front 33

treatment of Cholinergic syndrome

Back 33

atropine (M antagonist) and pralidoxime (regenerates cholinesterase)

Front 34

selective B2 agonists

Back 34

MAST - metaprotenerol, albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline

Front 35

B1-antagonists

Back 35

A BEAM of B1-blockers: Acebutolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol

Front 36

B1/B2 antagonists

Back 36

Tim and Nadine Pin a Label on their Property: Timolol, Nadolol, Pindolol, Labetolol, Propranolol

Front 37

Therapeutic Index

Back 37

TILE: TI = LD50/ED50

increased TI = increased safety

Front 38

zero order elimination

Back 38

PEA: phenytoin Ethanol Aspirin

elimination decreases linearly with time

Front 39

First order elimination

Back 39

Fractional elimination with time causing an exponential decrease in [plasma]

Front 40

P450 Inducers

Back 40

Queen Barb was INDUCED to Steal Phen-phen and Refuse Greasy Carbs

Queen - quinidine
Barb - Barbiturates
Steals - St. Johns Wood
Phen-Phen (and) - Phenytoin
Refuses - Rifampin
Greasy - Greseofulvan
Carbs - Carbamazapine

Front 41

P450 Inhibitors

Back 41

Drink from a KEG and get SICk and INHIBITED

Ketoconazol
Erythromycin (macrolids except azithro)
Grapefruit juice
Sulfonamides
Isoniazid
Cimetidine

Front 42

Drugs contraindicated in Pregnancy

Back 42

SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care

Sulfonamides - kernicterus
Aminoglycosides - ototoxicity
Fluoroquinolones - cartilaginous damage
Erythromycin - acute cholestatis hepatitis in Mom and Clarithromycin is embryotoxic
Metronidazol - Mutagenesis
Tetracyclin - teeth colored and bone problems
Ribavirin - teratogen
Gresiofulvan - teratogen
Chloramphenical - Grey Baby Syndrome

Also warfarin

Front 43

Bacteriostatic drugs

Back 43

ECSTaTiC

Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim
Tetracyclins
Chloramphenicol

Front 44

Bacterocidal drugs

Back 44

Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder

Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolones
Penicillin
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporine
Metronidazol

Front 45

what is MAC

Back 45

anesthetics: minimal alveolar concentration at which 50% of the population is anesthetized...it decreases with age.

Front 46

how does MAC relate to potency

Back 46

potency = 1/MAC

decreased MAC means increased potency and visa versa

Front 47

Blood solubility relates to what?

give example of the relationship

Back 47

induction and recovery.

decreased blood solubility = rapid induction and rapid recovery

increased blood solubility = slow induction and slow recovery

Front 48

lipid solubility relates to what?

give an example of the relationship

Back 48

potency and MAC

increased lipid solubility means increased potency and therefore decreased MAC.