Pharm Final Set 2

Front 1

prototype drug

Back 1

first drug of the group to be developed
ex)morphine- narcotic analgesic
aspirin-non-narcotic analgesic

Front 2

Categories of controlled substance

Back 2

*Schedule 1; not approved for medical use
*Schedule 2;medical use w/ high abuse potential
*Schedule 3;less potential for abuse but may lead to dependence

Front 3

Clinical trial phases

Back 3

*Starts off with animal studies
*then clinical trials
*phase1 healthy people
*phase2 few subjects w/ target disease
*phase3 large double blind studies
*phase4 FDA evaluates and monitors

Front 4

What is the role of the FDA in respect to pharmaceutical groups?

Back 4

The FDA reviews the reports for safety and effectiveness
NOT INVOLVED IN THE TESTING

Front 5

Absorption

Back 5

process between the time the drug enters body to bloodstream.
occurs in gut

Front 6

Distribution

Back 6

-need adequate circulation
-albumin is protein binding
*cardiac disorders affect circulation

Front 7

Metabolism

Back 7

transformation of a drug to a metabolite
occurs in liver

Front 8

first pass effect

Back 8

only part of a drug reaches systemic circulation

Front 9

Excretion

Back 9

elimination of the drug from body
occurs in kidney, liver, bowel, half life

Front 10

5 rights

Back 10

Right
1)drug
2)dose
3)patient
4)route
5)time

Front 11

Why administer low dose aspirin?

Back 11

avoid salicyism, tinnitus
avoid adverse effects of stomach irritation and bleeding

Front 12

What is the maximum amount of tylenol you can administer to a patient within 24 hours?

Back 12

4gm/day
liver damage 2gm/day

Front 13

What is the disadvantage of Black Box Warning Drugs?

Back 13

Drug has serious/life-threatening adverse effects
"Kiss of death"

Front 14

What consideration should be taken when giving anti-gout medications?

Back 14

give with food and increase fluid to 3000 cc/day TO PREVENT STONES

Front 15

Most common meds for migraines

Back 15

acute migraine:aspirin, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen

pp; triptan/seratonin agonists
Imitrex
Sumatriptan
Rizatriptan
Zolmitriptan

Front 16

Versed

Back 16

Benzodiazepines group
-used as pre-op sedation
b/c patients experience AMNESIA, CAN'T REMEMBER ANYTHING

Front 17

Ambien

Back 17

anti-anxiety drug
-warn for sleep
walking-driving-eating

Front 18

Association between sodium and lithium

Back 18

Lithium decreases sodium reabsorption

Front 19

Most common antidepressant

Back 19

TCA- tricyclic antidepressants
1st line drug; Tofranil also prototype

Front 20

Disadvantage of MAOI

Back 20

last choice of drug
MUST stay on diet:
AVOID: cheese, fermented,pickled food, chocolate, beer, yogurt, avocados, figs, smoked meats, game meats

Front 21

Side effects of MAOI

Back 21

orthostatic hypotension
weight gain
edema
hypertensive crisis w/ food containing TYRAMINE

Front 22

Wellbutrin and Zyban

Back 22

the same drug but different name b/c patients don't want to be labeled
*Wellbutrin is for depression
*Zyban helps in cessation of smoking

Front 23

Valium

Back 23

prototype can be used for
*tremors associated w/ ETOH withdrawal
*seizures

Front 24

Consideration for Dilantin

Back 24

seizure meds

formulation specific- cannot use generic

Front 25

What should you consider when giving parkinson's medications?

Back 25

has run out effect, not usually given right away b/c only work 10 years take into consideration that it is a chronic condition

Front 26

Zarontin

Back 26

falls into anticonvulsants
-used for abscent seizures

Front 27

What drugs are used for ADHD?

Back 27

Ritalin and amphetamines
kids are given a break from drug during summer, need to wean off or else develop depression

Front 28

Considerations when giving Digoxin

Back 28

loading dose IV push slowly

Front 29

How to avoid adrenocortical insufficiency?

Back 29

wean off over several weeks

Front 30

Med for hyperthyroidism

Back 30

radioactive iodine

Front 31

What is the only diabetic drug given IV?

Back 31

regular Humulin R

Front 32

What do Insulin mixtures contain?

Back 32

NPH 70% regular 30% (Humilin 70/30) SQ

Front 33

S&S of hypoglycemia?

Back 33

Polyphagia- hunger
shakiness
sweating
dizziness/lightheaded

Front 34

Adrenergic

Back 34

Mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system
*alpha- vasocontriction primarily in blood vessels
*Beta1-primarily in the heart
increases rate, contraction and conduction
*Beta2- primarily in lungs and blood vessels; bronchodilator and peripheral vasodilation

Front 35

Cholinergic

Back 35

Mimic the parasympathetic nervous system
*constricted bronchioles, cardiac deceleration, digestion, etc

Front 36

Epinephrine

Back 36

prototype and drug of choice for anaphylaxis given

Front 37

What is a beta adrenergic blocking agent?

Back 37

Block adrenergic stimulation to Beta1 and Beta 2 receptors
*Beta1; decrease BP, contraction of heart and cardiac output used for angina
*Beta2 vasodilation in skeletal muscles

Front 38

What should you do before administering beta adrenergic blocking agents?

Back 38

-Monitor vital signs; if below 50 -beats/min wait until next day

Front 39

Reglan

Back 39

drug used along with feeding tube to increase stomach emptying

Front 40

Reminal

Back 40

used for alzheimer patients, prevents/slows down progression does not cure

Front 41

Atropine

Back 41

treat bradycardia; DO NO GIVE if HR is normally low ex) lance armstrong 40 pulse

Front 42

Asthma treatment for all 4 levels

Back 42

*every step has short acting beta2 inhaler

Step4(severe)-high dose corticosteroid, long acting beta2 agonist table OR long acting theophylline plust corsticosteroid oral

Step3(moderate)intermediate corticosteroid inhaler, long acting beta2 agonist inhaler OR long acting theophylline

Step2(persistent)-low dose corticosteroid

Step1(intermittent)

Front 43

Theophylline

Back 43

prevent and treat wheezing, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing
monitor serum levels

Front 44

Xanthines

Back 44

mechanism of action is unknown but causes bronchodilation
-considered a 2nd line agent

Front 45

Anticholinergics

Back 45

Blocks the action of acetylcholine in the smooth muscle by inhalation
*Good for those with heart disorders
causes bronchodilation
ex) Atrovert; not for acute care
Combivent; chronic COPD

Front 46

Consideration when giving asthma medication

Back 46

-Wait 1 min between inhalations of same med
-Wait 5 min between different

Front 47

Consideration when giving a corticosteroid?

Back 47

Given as last med, give all others first

Front 48

Singulair

Back 48

used as prevention not treatment against bronchocontriction, mucus production, airway edeme
*decreases night time symptoms

Front 49

Benadryl

Back 49

anti-histamine
1st generation- produce drowsiness
2nd generation- doesn't produce drowsiness

Front 50

Treating Angina

Back 50

give Nitroglycerin one SL tablet every 5 min 3X then activate EMS

side effect hypotension check BP

*store away from heat and light

Front 51

When to treat borderline hypertension?

Back 51

treat it when it is 140/90

Front 52

Ace inhibitors

Back 52

"pril" drugs
-Capatopril
-lisinopril
*Best on caucasions and diabetics
used for hypertension, inhibit conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Front 53

Diuretics

Back 53

*best for african americans
Lasix(loop diuretic)
Aldactone (K sparing)-watch for hyperkalemia

Front 54

Hydrochlorothiazene is used for...

Back 54

high BP and heart failure

Front 55

Anticoagulants...

Back 55

interfere w/ coagulation cascade

Lovenex- low molecular weight heparin

Heparin-acute not taken at home

use protamine sulfate for overdose; no rubbing or else bruises

Front 56

Coumadin

Back 56

blood thinner- interferes with vitamin K dependent clotting

takes 3-5 days for effect

overdose; give vita K