Pharm Final Review

Front 1

Nursing process-
Assessment, including Nursing Diagnosis

Back 1

1st Phase; Provides data to be used for care plan. Includes subjective and objective data. Nursing diagnosis is made based on assessment data.

Front 2

Nursing process-
Planning

Back 2

Characterized by goal setting or expected outcomes. Must be client centered, and measurable goals.

Front 3

Nursing Process-
Implementation

Back 3

Include the nursing actions/interventions to accomplish goals or expected outcomes.

Front 4

Nursing Process-
Evaluation

Back 4

Assessing if goals have been met; if not plan revised.

Front 5

Teaching strategies:

Back 5

Ongoing process: Use postive approach.

Front 6

Pharmaceutic Phase-

Back 6

Dissolution- 1st Phase of drug action.
Drugs disintegrate- breakdown of tablets into smaller particles.
dissolution- dissolving of smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption.
Food may interfere.

Front 7

Pharmokinetic Phase-

Back 7

Process of drug movement to achieve drug action:
A.D.M.E.

Front 8

Pharmokinetic Phase cont'd

Back 8

First pass- process in which the drug passes to the liver.
Bioavailability- percentage of drug of the drug administered that reaches systemic circ.
oral- less than 100%
IM - always 100%

Front 9

Pharmokinetic Phase cont'd

Back 9

Protein binding effect-
89% or higher = highly protein bound
61-89%= moderately high
30-60%= moderately bound
30% or less= low bound.

Front 10

Pharmokinetic Phase cont'd

Back 10

Free drugs- drugs not bound to protein. More active.

Front 11

Pharmokinetic Phase cont'd
Half life

Back 11

time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated.

Front 12

Pharmokinetic Phase cont'd
Creatine Clearance

Back 12

The most accurate test to determine renal function.
Normal ranges 85 - 135ml/min.

Front 13

Pharmacodynamic Phase

Back 13

The study of drug concentration and its effects on the body.

Front 14

Onset, Peak and Duration of Action.

Back 14

Onset- time it takes to reach minimum effective concentration after a drug is administered.

Front 15

Onset, Peak and Duration of Action.

Back 15

Peak- occurs when the drug reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration.

Front 16

Onset, Peak and Duration of Action.

Back 16

Duration of Action- the length of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect.

Front 17

Antagonist-

Agonists-

Back 17

Drugs that block a response.

Drugs that produce response.

Front 18

Non- specific-

Non- selective-

Back 18

Drugs that affect various sites

Drugs that affect various receptors.

Front 19

Therapeutic Index

Back 19

Estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the use of radio that measures the effective dose.

Front 20

Peak and trough

Back 20

Peak- the highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time.
Trough- the lowest plasma concentration of a drug.

Front 21

Loading dose

Back 21

When immediate drug response is desired, a large initial dose may be given.

Front 22

Pharmacogenetics

Back 22

the effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors or hereditary influence.

Front 23

Chapter 5

Back 23

Drug Approval Process

Front 24

Drug Standards

Back 24

United States Pharmacopeia of 1820.
Revised every 5yrs.
International Pharmacopeia, published by "World Health Org." provides basis for standards in strength and composition.

Front 25

Food Drug and Cosmetic Act

Back 25

Monitor and regulate the manufacture adn marketing of drugs.

Front 26

Dunham- Humphrey Amend.

Back 26

Distinguished between drugs that can be sold with or without prescription and those that should not be refilled without new prescription.

Front 27

Kefauver-Harris Amend.

Back 27

Tightened controls on drug safety. Required that adverse reactions and contraindications must be labeled and included in the literature.

Front 28

Controlled Substances

Back 28

Keep record- check q shift.
Countersign all discarded drugs.
Keep all controlled drugs locked up; narcotics must be double locked.

Front 29

Pediatric Research Equity Act

Back 29

Requires testing by drug manufacturers of the safety on children.

Front 30

Nurse Practice Act

Back 30

Misfeasance- Negligence
Nonfeasance- Omission
Malfeasace- Giving correct drug but wrong route.

Front 31

Schedule I

Back 31

Heroin, marijauna;
High Abuse potential-
Not accepted for medical use.

Front 32

Schedule II

Back 32

Demerol,morphine;
High potential for abuse-
Accepted for medical use.

Front 33

Schedule III

Back 33

Codeine preparations;
Potential for abuse is less that I or II.
Accepted medical use.

Front 34

Schedule IV

Back 34

Phenobarbital, benzodiaxepines;
May cause dependence-
Medically accepted.

Front 35

Schedule V

Back 35

Opioid-controlled substances for diarrhea;
Very limited potential for abuse.
Medically accepted.

Front 36

HIPAA

Back 36

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-
Sets standards for privacy of individually identifiable health information as of 2003.

Front 37

Chemical Name-

Back 37

Describes the chemical structure of the drug.

Front 38

Generic Name-

Back 38

The official name of the drug.

Front 39

Brand Name-

Back 39

Is chosen by the drug company and is usually a registered trademark owned by that specific company.

Front 40

Pregnancy Category
A

Back 40

No risk to fetus.

Front 41

Pregnancy Categories
B

Back 41

No risk in animal studies and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Little to no risk is assumed.

Front 42

Pregnancy Categies
C

Back 42

Animal studies indicate risk to fetus. Risk vs Benefit must be weighed.

Front 43

Pregnancy Categories
D

Back 43

A risk to human fetus has been proven.

Front 44

Pregnancy Categories
X

Back 44

A risk to human fetus has been proven.