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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MOA of Phenothiazines
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Central D2 inhibitors
Peripheral inhibition of alpha-1 receptors Inhibit H1 receptors |
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Action of Phenothiazines
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Sedation, peripheral vasodilation, decreased HR (may have reflexive tachycardia), muscle relaxation, decrease platelet aggregation, antiemetic, NO analgesia
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Contraindications of Phenothiazines
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Do not use in patients that are dehydrated, hypovolemic, bleeding, or in shock
Do no use in patients with coagulopathies or thrombocytopenia Breeding stallions- can cause prolonged penile prolapse |
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Acepromazine
(General Facts, Species Differences) |
Generally used as a sedative
More potent Carefully use with brachycepahalic dogs- high vagal tone Some boxers have an exaggerated response to sedation and hypotension Pigs- can prevent malignant hyperthermia |
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Chlorpromazine
(General Facts, Species Differences) |
Generally used as an antiemetic
Do NOT use in horses- altered mentation, ataxia |
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MOA of Propofol
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Decreases the rate at which GABA dissociates from receptors, causing depolarization (inhibition)
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Actions of Propofol
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Depression, hypnosis- easy recovery
Decrease intra-cranial and ocular pressure No significant CV effects Apnea (rate-related)- can cause hypoxemia and hypercapnea- be prepared to intubate Muscle relaxation NO analgesia |
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Adverse Effects/Contraindications of Propofol
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Increases wound infection
Can cause local pain Prolonged, continuous administration can cause metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and cardiac arrhythmias/failure Greyhounds- prolonged recovery |
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MOA of Etomidate
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GABA receptor agonist
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Actions of Etomidate
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Depression and hypnosis
Decreases ICP and intraocular pressure Minimal CV effects- baroreceptor and sympathetic reflexes remain intact Minimal respiratory effects- can cause depression with other respiratory depressants NO muscle relaxation or analgesia Long-term use- decreased cortisol and aldosterone production |
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Adverse Effects/Contraindications of Etomidate
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Local injection pain (propylene glycol vehicle)
Adrenocortical suppression Solution is VERY hyperosmotic- can cause hemolysis |
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MOA of Guafenesin
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Unknown- central-acting muscle relaxant (selectively depresses/blocks nerve transmission in SC, brainstem, and subcortical brain)
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Actions of Guafenesin
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Sedation
Generalized muscle relaxation- excessive doses can cause rigidity Preserves CV function Doesn't affect respiratory muscles NO analgesia |
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Adverse Effects/Contraindications of Guafenesin
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Cattle- RBC hemolysis
Do not use with Physostigmine |
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MOA of Griseofulvin
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Antifungal
Disrupts mitotic spindle |
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Adverse Effects of Griseofulvin
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Hematopathy (leukopenia, anemia)
Increase in hepatic enzymes Neurotoxicosis Teratogenic in cats |
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MOA of Amphotericin B
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Antifungal- Polyene
Binds ergosterol to increase membrane permeability |
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Adverse Effects of Amphotericin B
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Nephrotoxicity (dose-related)
GI upset |
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MOA of Azoles
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Antifungal
Ergosterol synthesis inhibition (via lanosterol demethylase) e.g. itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole |
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Adverse Effects of Azoles
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Can interfere with CP450 (increased hepatic enzymes)
GI upset Dermatopathy (alopecia, pruritis) Possible toxicity |
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MOA of Terbinafine
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Antifungal- Allylamines
Ergosterol synthesis inhibtion (via squalene epoxidase) |
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Adverse Effects of Terbinafine
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Increased hepatic enzymes
Dermatopathy (dermatitis, etc.) especially in cats |
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MOA of Lufenuron
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Antifungal
Chitin synthesis inhibitor |
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MOA of Flucytosine
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Antifungal- Antimetabolites
Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis |
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Adverse Effects of Flucytosine
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Converted to 5-fluorouracil (antineoplastic) which can cause hematopathies (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
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MOA of Caspofungin
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Antifungal- Fungins
Glucan synthesis inhibition |
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Topical Antifungals
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Enilconazole
Clotrimazole Miconazole Natamycin Nystatin |
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Nitroimidazoles
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Antiprotozoal
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Benzimidazoles
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Antiprotozoal
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Nitrofurans
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Antiprotozoal
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Tetracyclines
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Antiprotozoal
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Thiamine analogs
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Antiprotozoal
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Alkaloids
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Antiprotozoal
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Polyether ionophores
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Antiprotozoal
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Triazene derivatives
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Antiprotozoal
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Sulfonamides
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Antiprotozoal
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Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
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Antiprotozoal
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Lincosamides
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Antiprotozoal
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Azalides
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Antiprotozoal
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Nitrothiazole derivatives
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Antiprotozoal
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Acyclovir
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Antiviral
Herpes virus |
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Amantadine
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Antiviral
Influenza virus |
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Cytarabine
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Antiviral
Also an antineoplastic |
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Interferon-alpha
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Antiviral
FeLV, FIV |
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Lysine
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Antiviral
Herpes virus in cats |
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Oseltamivir
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Antiviral
Influenza virus- banned in poultry |
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Zidovudine
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Antiviral
FIV, FeLV |
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Inhalant Anesthetics as Euthanasia Agent
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Induce hypoxia due to direct depression of vital centers
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Carbon Dioxide as Euthanasia Agent
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Hypoxia due to depression of vital centers
Use compressed gas ONLY Promotes anxiety |
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Carbon Monoxide as Euthanasia Agent
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Hypoxia from the displacement of oxygen from hemoglobin
Use compressed gas ONLY |
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Pentobarbital
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Hypoxia due to depression of vital centers
Illegal for use in food animals or for animals that will be consumed by other animals |
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Tricaine Methane Sulfonate as Euthanasia Agent
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Hypoxia due to depression of vital centers
Amphibians and fish only Not for use in animals intended in food |
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KCl as Euthanasia Agent
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Cardiac arrest
Use only with prior anesthesia- NEVER alone Preferred method for wildlife or livestock if animal is to be consumed |
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NMJ Blocking Agents as Euthanasia Agent
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Atracurium, Pancuronium, Succinylcholine
Do not use alone for anesthesia |
