Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is the goal of inhalant anesthesia?
|
achieve a constant & optimal partial press of anesthetic gas in brain
|
|
|
what is the depth of anesthesia proportional to?
|
depth of anesth is proportional to partial pressure the gases exert in the brain
|
|
|
What is the MAC?
|
Concentr of inhaled anesthetic at 1 atm that produced immobility in 50% of patients
|
|
|
MAC value is 1→ 1% gas at 760mmHg {1 atm) →this gas PP is ?
|
7.6 mmHg
|
|
|
what factors increase the MAC value?
which one the most? |
Young age
Hyperthermia Alcoholics --> HYPERTHERMIA |
|
|
what has no effect on MAC?
|
Duration of anesthesia
Sex, species PaCO2 Metabolic Acidosis {pH <7 may effect nn action potential} Metabolic Alkalosis Isovolemic Anemia |
|
|
What decreases MAC?
|
Hypoxia, Anemia; Hypotension, Hypothermia, Narcotics, Other Anesthetics, Sedatives & Tranquilizers, Local anesthetics, Pancuronium, Pregnancy.. Steroids
|
|
|
lower Mac =stronger
|
yes, less gas needed for effect
|
|
|
how is a gas rendered less flammable?
need increased energy to ignite |
halogenation
fluorination |
|
|
why is NO not recommended in ruminants?
|
Not recomm in herbivores→ in presence of closed pneumothorax, may cause diffusion hypoxia
|
|
|
NO is the least soluble which means it has the greatest...
it is least lipid soluble, highest Mac number = more or less potent |
uptake
less potent |
|
|
How can NO enhance induction of anesthesia?
|
Can enhance induction of anesthesia due to 2nd gas effect
(no rumin-Bloat) |
|
|
T or F, Desfluorane does not require a special vaporizer?
|
F Can boil close to room temp, special vaporizer producer is essential
|
|
|
T or F, NO is a gas at room temp
|
F, it is a liquid (must weigh container ot know how much is left)
|
|
|
which gas has a low potential for toxicity?
|
Desfluorane
|
|
|
what is Sevoflurane
|
Fluorinated ether, metabolized to free fluoride ions and hexafluoroisopropanol rapidly glucuronized in liver
|
|
|
is hepatotoxicity high or low in sevoflurane
|
low
|
|
|
which gas is 2nd fastest to induce/recovery after desflurane?
|
Isoflurane
|
|
|
Iso is good because it: bad because:
|
good -not a lot of cardio effects
bad -resp depression (slight) |
|
|
what bad thing can NO cause?
|
diffusion hypoxia
|
|
|
can iso affect a fetus?
|
yes! metabolized by the liver
|
|
|
is enflurane related to iso?
|
yes! enflurane is an isomer of isoflurane
|
|
|
what are adverse effects of enflurane?
|
Seizure like activity, mm twitching, head jerks
Cardiovasc depression Renal toxicity uncommon, hepatitis been reported |
|
|
what is the preservative in halothane?
|
Thymol
|
|
|
halothne is not used anymore because it causes?
|
malignant hyperthermia
|
|
|
adverse effects of halothane besides malignant hyperthermia
|
*Causes dose- depend. decrease CO decrease BP
*Catecholamine induced arrhythmias →increase Cerebral blood flow |
|
|
Methoxyfluorane is trhe most or least soluble?
|
most
|
|
|
least soluble means what in terms of induction/recovery
|
fast induction/fast recovery
|
|
|
most soluble to least soluble
|
think least soluble is lipophilic =rapid distribution
methoxyflurane->halothane->enflurane->isoflurane->sevoflurane->desfluane->NO |
|
|
from most rapid induction/recovery to slowest
|
NO->Desflurane->sevoflurane->isoflurane->enflurane->halothane->methoxyflurane
|
|
|
methoxyflurane has which adverse effect?
|
may cause renal toxicity
|
|
|
what is the purpose of soda lime and barolime?
|
• The purpose of soda lime and barolime is to absorb CO
|
|
|
why should herbivores not have NO?
|
• You should not use nitrous oxide on herbivores, it tends to enter gas filled spaces in the digestive system and can cause pneumothorax.
|
|
|
how do you determine how much liquid you have if it is under pressure
|
you must weigh it
|
|
|
Isoflurane is better then Halothane when it comes to ____ but worse when it comes to ______
|
Isoflurane is better cardio but worse because it causes respiratory depression then Halothane
|
|
|
Opthalmologist should take what into consideration when they are using isoflurane?
|
they must block the eyes
|
|
|
• Defination of MAC = minimum alveolar concentration (partial pressure): It is the concentration of an inhaled anesthetic at 1atm that produces immobility in 50% of patients. *If MAC value is 1 that is equal to 1% gas at 760mmHg (1atm). This gases partial pressure is ?
|
7.6mmHg. If these conditions are true, at 1% halothane concentration 100% of patients will sleep. There is a very small margin here.
|
|
|
what is the relationship btwn solubility, potency and Mac value
|
• Higher lipid solubility = higher potency = lower MAC value.
|
