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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the common suffix of PCNs?
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“-cillin”
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What infections to PCNs commonly treat?
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E. coli and Pseudomonas
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What portion of the population is allergic to PCN? Of those, what percent have a cross-sensitivity to cephalosporins and carbapenems?
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1-10%; 5-10%
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PCN G and PCN V are in what drug class?
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narrow spectrum PCN (PCNase sensitive)
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Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin are in what drug class?
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narrow spectrum PCN (PCNase resistant)
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Ampicillin, Bacampacillin, Amoxicillin are in what drug class?
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broad spectrum PCN
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Carbenicillin, Mezlocillin, Ticarcillin, Piperacillin are in what drug class?
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extended spectrum PCN, antipseudomonal
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How might cephalosporin drugs be differentiated?
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“ceph” or “cef”
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What drug class is cefuroximine in?
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cephalosporin
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What routes are approved for cefuroximine (3)?
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IM, PO, IV
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What drug class is cefepime in?
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cephalosporins
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How are cephalosporins categorized? What differentiates the categories?
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generations (1st - 4th); activity against gram+ and gram- bacteria
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What bacteria does cefepime treat?
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Pseudomonas
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What is the suffix commonly seen in carbapenems?
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“-penems”
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What drug class is imipenem in?
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carbapenems
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In regards to imipenem, what admin feature is important to consider?
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must be combined with other antibiotic-like cephalosporins when treating Pseudomonas
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What drug class is ertapenem in?
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carbapenems
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What 2 conditions is ertapenem used to treat?
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acute pelvic inflammation and UTI
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Vancomycin is the DOC for what condition? What else does it treat? What doesn’t it treat?
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MRSA; C. diff and meningitis; does not treat gram- infections
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What is important about Vancomycin IV adminstration? Why?
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slow IV infusion over 60min; rapid infusion may cause Red Man Syndrome
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What are 4 of Vancomycin’s AEs ?
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nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (if 30mcg/ml is exceeded), Red Man Syndrome, thromboplebitis (change infusion site and dilute)
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When should Vancomycin peak levels be checked? What are acceptable peak levels?
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1.5-2.5hrs after infusion is complete; 30-40mcg/ml
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What drug class is zyvox (linezolid) in?
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oxazolidinones
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What is Zyvox used to treat?
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VRE and MRSA
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Flagyl (Metronidazole) is the DOC for what infection?
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C. difficile
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What is an important teaching element regarding Flagyl?
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do not drink alcohol (causes antabuse-type reaction)
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What do tetracyclines treat?
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H. pylori, acne, and PUD
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What might 4 AEs might tetracyclines cause?
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C. difficile suprainfection, hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, phototoxicity
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Should short-acting tetracyclines be taken with or without food?
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take on empty stomach
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Should long-acting tetracyclines be taken with or without food?
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may be taken with food
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Where are tetracyclines metabolized? Excreted?
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liver; kidneys
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How do tetracyclines affect children?
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stain teeth
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What drug class is erythromycin in?
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macrolide
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What is an AE of erythromycin and azithromycin?
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C. difficile suprainfection
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Macrolides are the DOC for what infection?
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Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
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What drug class may be substituted for PCN in patients allergic to PCN?
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macrolides
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What do macrolides interact with in particular?
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P450
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What is a common AE of macrolides?
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metallic taste
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What drug class is azithromycin in?
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macrolides
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What drug class is clindamycin (Cleocin) in?
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lincosamide
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What is important to characteristic of chloramphenicol?
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narrow therapeutic index
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What are 3 AEs of chloramphenicol?
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Gray syndrome (mostly in infants), reversible bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia (rare but fatal)
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What is important about aminoglycoside dosing?
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dose must be individualized
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What drug class is amikacin in?
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aminoglycoside
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What drug class is gentamycin in?
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aminoglycoside
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What drug class is tobramycin in?
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aminoglycoside
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With regard to aminoglycosides, when should peaks and troughs be monitored?
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bid or tid dosing
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What are 2 AEs of aminoglycosides?
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ototoxicty, toxicity
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What route should aminoglycosides be given?
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parenterally (not PO because not absorbed in GI tract)
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What type of drugs should not be mixed with aminoglycosides? Why?
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PCN; can inactivate aminoglycosides
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What are sulfonamides often used to treat?
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UTI related to E. coli
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What is an important teaching element regarding sulfonamides?
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crosses the placenta (can cause toxicity to fetus)
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Name 4 AEs of sulfonamides.
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renal damage, photosensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia
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What does trimethoprim treat?
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UTI, otitis media, bronchitis (gram- and gram+ infections)
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What is the common suffix of fluoroquinolones?
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“-floxacin”
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What do type of infections do fluoroquinolones treat?
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respiratory tract infection, UTI, GI, gram pos and gram neg
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Which drug class can cause tendon rupture and is contraindicated in children under 18?
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fluoroquinolones
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Can pregnant women or lactating women take fluoroquinolones?
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it is generally avoided
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What is the DOC for systemic fungi infections?
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Amphotericin B
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How is Amphotericin administered (route, rate, frequency)?
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IV, 2-4hrs, qd for 6-8wks to 3-4mos
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What are 3 AEs of Amphotericin B?
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infusion reactions (fever, chills, etc), phelbitis, nephrotoxicity
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Fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconzole (Nizoral) are examples of what drug class?
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Azole antifungals
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What is a safer alternative to Amphotericin B?
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itraconazole (Sporanox)
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What drug is used to treat serious Candida infections?
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flucytosine
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What are 4 AEs of flucystosine?
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reversible bone marrow suppression, hepatoxicity, dysrhythmias, nephrotoxicity (monitor renal function)
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Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir, Penciclovir are in what drug class?
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antivirals
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What is the DOC for herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster infections?
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Acyclovir
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