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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most widely used LA agent b/c of inherent potency, rapid onset, tissue penetration, and effectiveness
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Lido
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Sensorcaine and marcaine are:
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Bupivacaine
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Onset of action of bupivacaine is _____ if used for spinal anesthesia
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Rapid - 1-5 minutes
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DOA of bupivacaine is significantly ____ than that of most other LA
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Longer
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Main disadvantage of bupivacaine is the severe ______ which may occur with high plasma levels
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Cardiotoxicity
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Long acting LA of amide type
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Bupivacaine, ropivacaine
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Does not give as good muscle relaxation as lido, but lasts longer
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Ropivacaine
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Ropivacaine is less lipid soluble and cleared via the liver _____ than bupivacaine
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More rapidly
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Exhibits a better cardiotoxicity profile compared to bupivacaine
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Ropivacaine
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_____ can occur after supraconvulsant (2x) doses of LAs
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Ventricular arrhythmias
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LA of amide type with intermediate DOA
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Mepivacaine
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Compared with lido, mepivacaine produces less ______ and has a more ______ and longer _____
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Vasodilation; rapid onset; DOA
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Short acting LA of ester type
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Chlorprocaine
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Chlorprocaine: toxic levels are rare even with high doses d/t
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Rapid hydrolysis in the blood
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Has the most rapid conversion from an analgesic to a surgical anesthetic drug; good for crash sections
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Chloroprocaine
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Ester-type LA with an intermediate to long duration of action
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Tetracaine
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Works very well for opthalmic preparations
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Tetracaine
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Relative to other LA, _____ is significantly more toxic
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Tetracaine
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Can cause a motor block that lasts much longer than the sensory block
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Tetracaine
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Has tachyphylaxis with prolonged use
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Tetracaine
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S enantiomer of bupivacaine
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Levobupivacaine
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Levobupivacaine exhibits less _____ than bupivacaine
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Cardiotoxicity
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LA of the amide class used primary for dental anesthesia
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Prilocaine
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Prilocaine has _____ DOA, and is longer acting than ____
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Intermediate; lido
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Prilocaine reports incidences of significant ______ in cases involving the use of large doses
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Methemoglobinemia
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Long acting LA of amide type; used for retrobulbar anesthesia in surgical and dental procedures
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Etidocaine
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Short acting, slow onset, low potency LA of the ester type
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Procaine
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Applied to mucous membranes of the oral, laryngeal, and nasal cavities for use as a topical anesthetic
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Cocaine
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Cocaine: although typical vasoconstriction can limit the absorption rate, significant _______ can occur
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Systemic absorption
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Short acting LA of ester type
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Benzocaine
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