Pharm Fall Cheap Diuretics

Front 1

Drug: Acetazolamide

Back 1

Class: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Use: Glaucoma, Urinary Alkalinization, Metabolic Alkalosis, Acute Mountain Sickness, Epilepsy
Mech:inhibit the CA enzyme in the proximal tubule cells: inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption
Phk:oral absorptionm, effect diminishes in a few days , renal excretion
Tox:hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, renal stones, renal potassium wasting
Contra: cirrhosis
Special:

Front 2

Drug: Brinzolamide

Back 2

Class: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Use:Glaucoma, Urinary Alkalinization, Metabolic Alkalosis, Acute Mountain Sickness, Epilepsy
Mech::inhibit the CA enzyme in the proximal tubule cells: inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption
Phk:topical administration effect diminishes in a few days , renal excretion
Tox:hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, renal stones, renal potassium wasting
Contra:cirrhosis
Special:

Front 3

Drug: Dorzolamide

Back 3

Class: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Use:Glaucoma, Urinary Alkalinization, Metabolic Alkalosis, Acute Mountain Sickness, Epilepsy
Mech::inhibit the CA enzyme in the proximal tubule cells: inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption
Phk: topical administration effect diminishes in a few days , renal excretion
Tox:hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, renal stones, renal potassium wasting
Contra:cirrhosis
Special:

Front 4

Drug: Furosemide

Back 4

Class: Loop Diuretics
Use: edema, impaired renal funx, pulmonary congestion
Mech: inhibition of sodium transport in the thick limb of the loop of Henle
Phk:oral and parenteral adm. renal excretion
Tox: hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia
Contra:
Special:

Front 5

Drug: Ethacrynic Acid

Back 5

Class: Loop Diuretics
Use: edema, impaired renal funx, pulmonary congestion
Mech:inhibition of sodium transport in the thick limb of the loop of Henle
Phk:
Tox: hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia
Contra:
Special: not a sulfonamide derivative , higher risk of ototoxicity

Front 6

Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide

Back 6

Class: Thiazides
Use:
Mech:inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
Phk: oral, renal (compete with uric acid for secretion)
Tox:Hyperglycemia, Hypokalemia, Hyperuricemia, Elevated Serum Lipids, Blood Dyscrasia, Necrotizing Vasculitis, Lithium Toxicity, Jaundice in infants
Contra:
Special:

Front 7

Drug: Metolazone

Back 7

Class: Compounds Related to Thiazides
Use:
Mech:inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
Phk:oral, renal (compete with uric acid for secretion)
Tox:Hyperglycemia, Hypokalemia, Hyperuricemia, Elevated Serum Lipids, Blood Dyscrasia, Necrotizing Vasculitis, Lithium Toxicity, Jaundice in infants
Contra:
Special: metolazone is able to produce diuresis in patients with a reduced GFR (i.e., less than 20 mL/min).

Front 8

Drug: Indapamide

Back 8

Class: Compounds Related to Thiazides
Use:
Mech:inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
Phk: oral, hepatic/renal 50:50 t1/2 = 16h
Tox:Hyperglycemia, Hypokalemia, Hyperuricemia, Elevated Serum Lipids, Blood Dyscrasia, Necrotizing Vasculitis, Lithium Toxicity, Jaundice in infants
Contra:
Special: Does not increase plasma lipids

Front 9

Drug: Amiloride

Back 9

Class: Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Use: used in combo with K+ wasting diuretics (thiazides, Metolazone, Indapamide)
Mech:inhibit sodium flux in the collecting tubules
Phk: oral, urine
Tox:
Contra:
Special: DOC for lithium induced DI

Front 10

Drug: Triamterene

Back 10

Class: Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Use: used in combo with K+ wasting diuretics (thiazides, Metolazone, Indapamide)
Mech:inhibit sodium flux in the collecting tubules
Phk:
Tox:
Contra:
Special:

Front 11

Drug: Spironolactone

Back 11

Class: Aldosterone Antagonists, Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Use: hyperaldosteroneism, edema
Mech: anatagonizes aldosterone
Phk: oral
Tox:few
Contra:
Special:

Front 12

Drug: Eplerenone

Back 12

Class: Aldosterone Antagonists, Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Use: edema
Mech: selective aldosterone receptor antagonists
Phk: CYP 3A4, many drug interactions
Tox:
Contra:
Special: fewer endocrine side effects than spirolactone

Front 13

Drug: Mannitol

Back 13

Class: Osmotic Diuretics
Use:
Mech:water retention in the proximal tubule and the descending limb of the loop of Henle
Phk: CYP 3A4
Tox:
Contra:
Special: fewerendocrine side effects, reduced mortality after AMI

Front 14

Drug: Desmopressin

Back 14

Class:
Use:
Mech: strong V2 agonist, more potent and much longer acting than vasopressin
Phk:
Tox:
Contra:
Special: increases plasma factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) to a greater extent than equivalent weights of vasopressin, effective in Hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease

Front 15

Drug: Conivaptan

Back 15

Class: -vaptan's
Use:
Mech: V1 & V2 receptor antagonist: decrease resorption of water
Phk:
Tox:
Contra:
Special:

Front 16

Drug: Tolvaptan

Back 16

Class: -vaptan's
Use:
Mech:V1 & V2 receptor antagonist: decrease resorption of water
Phk:
Tox:
Contra:
Special: