Pharm Exam Iii Gastro

Front 1

What is the CTZ

Back 1

Chemoreceptor trigger zone, it is located near the medulla

Front 2

What is the location of the vomiting center

Back 2

In the Medulla

Front 3

List the Antiemetic Classifications

Back 3

Antihistamines, Anticholinergnics, Dopamine Angonists, Benzodiazepines, Serotoin Antagonists, Glucocorticoids, Cannabinoids

Front 4

These two antiemetic act as a antagonist to histamine 1 receptors

Back 4

Benadryl, Vistaril, Pheneragan (Antihistamines) Transderm-Scop

Front 5

Anticholinergic = ???

Back 5

Anti SLUD

Front 6

Function of the Dopamine Antagonists

Back 6

Block dopamine 2 receptors in the CTZ & the Vomiting Center located in the Medulla.

Front 7

Dopamine Antagonists end in

Back 7

“azine” Prochlorperazine (Compazine),chlopromazine (Thorazine), Reglan

Front 8

Dopamine Antagonists S/E

Back 8

SE: EPS (Parkinson like movement disorders),sedation, anticholinergic effects = ANTI SLUD. AVOID IN CHILDREN

Front 9

Which Benzodiazepine can be used to prevent S/E from Chemotherapy

Back 9

Lorazepam (Ativan)

Front 10

5-HT3 Serotonin Receptor Antagonists suppress

Back 10

N/V by blocking the serotoninreceptors (5-HT3) in the CTZ and vagal nerveterminal in the upper GI tract

Front 11

5-HT3 Serotonin Receptor Antagonists end in

Back 11

“setron” Odansetron (Zofran), granisetron

Front 12

5-HT3 Serotonin Receptor Antagonists S/E

Back 12

SE – Ha, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue

Front 13

True or False 5-HT3 Serotonin Receptor Antagonists are very expensive & very effective

Back 13

True

Front 14

associated with chemotherapy

Back 14

Glucocorticoids

Front 15

Name the active ingredient in marijuana

Back 15

Cannabinoids

Front 16

This Cannabinoids are used for

Back 16

vomiting in cancer patients and as anappetite stimulant in AIDS patients

Front 17

Name two Cannabinoids

Back 17

Dronabinol (Marinol), Nabilone (Cesamet)

Front 18

Cannabinod S/E

Back 18

SE: drowsiness, dry mouth, impaired thinking,euphoria

Front 19

Etiology of N/V

Back 19

Foods (spicy, spoiled) Fecal impaction, Bacteria, Virus, Inflammatory bowel disease (Chrons or UC), Irritable bowel syndrome, Toxins, Drug Reactions, Laxative abuse, Malabsorption syndrome, Bowel tumor, Etc…

Front 20

of stools, increase viscosity and decrease fluidand lyte loss are which class of antiemetics

Back 20

Antidiarrheals

Front 21

Antidiarrheal Classifications

Back 21

Opiates and opiate-related agents, Somatostatin analog, Adsorbents, Miscellaneous

Front 22

Decrease intestinal motility and are frequently combined with atropine

Back 22

Opiates and opiate-related agents

Front 23

List Opiates and opiate-related agents

Back 23

Difenoxin and atropine (Motofen), dipenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil),

Front 24

Opiates and opiate-related agents S/E

Back 24

SE related to anticholinergic SE of Atropineand Opiate SE (ANTI SLUD & Constipation)

Front 25

Avoid these with CNS Depressants, risk ofdependence with prolonged use

Back 25

Opiates and opiate-related agents

Front 26

Inhibits gastric acid, pepsinogen, gastrin, cholecystokinin and serotonin secretion in the intestinal fluid as well as decreases smooth muscle contractility, what is

Back 26

Somatostain Analog

Front 27

Octreotide (Sandostatin) is a

Back 27

Somatostain Analog

Front 28

Octreotide (Sandostatin) is used for

Back 28

Used for severe diarrhea from metastatic cancer

Front 29

The action of Adsorbents

Back 29

Coat the wall of the GI tract and absorb the bacteria or toxins that cause the diarrhea

Front 30

Bismuth salts (Pepto-Bismol), Kaolin-pectin (Kaopectate) are examples of which kinds of medications

Back 30

Adsorbents

Front 31

A PT should avoid ___________ if allergic to ASA and avoid with MAOIs

Back 31

Pepto-Bismol

Front 32

Constipation Etiology

Back 32

Poor fluide intake, impaction, bowel obstruction, chronic laxative use, Neuro disorder (Spinia bifida), Inactivity, Ignore urge to defecate, S/E of drugs.

Front 33

List Types of Laxatives given in hospital setting

Back 33

Osmotic (saline), Stimulants , Bulk forming, Emollients (stool softeners), Chloride Channel Activator (Amitiza), Opioid Antagonist

Front 34

These laxatives are hyperosmolar salts that pull H2O into the colon toincrease bulk and stimulate peristalsis and defecation

Back 34

Osmotic (Saline) Laxatives.

Front 35

Example of Osmotic Saline Laxatives

Back 35

Magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide (milk ofmagnesia), sodium biphosphate (fleet phosopho-soda),lactulose (enulos

Front 36

Give an Example of Stimulates that activate peristalsis via mucosal irritation

Back 36

Bisacodyl (dulcolax), castor oil (purge), senna (senokot), phenolphthalein (ex-lax).

Front 37

_________________________ can stimulate uterine contractions,prolonged use of senokot can damage nervesresulting in loss of intestinal muscle tone.

Back 37

Castor oil

Front 38

Stimulants S/E

Back 38

mild cramping, diarrhea, fluid/lyte imbalances

Front 39

Natural fibrous substances that promote large, softstools by absorbing water into the intestine to increase bulk and peristalsis. They are nonabsorbable and know as ________________?

Back 39

Bulk Forming Laxatives

Front 40

Calcium polycarbophil (Fibercon), methylcellulose (citrucel), psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid (Metamucil) are all what type of Laxatives?

Back 40

Bulk Forming Laxatives.

Front 41

If a PT has Hypercalcemia they should avoid which bulk forming laxative?

Back 41

Fibercon

Front 42

Emollients (Stool Softners) such as Colace, Surfak, with which type of PT…. BPH, CHF, PE?

Back 42

CHF Caution use of docusate sodium.

Front 43

constipation in palliative patients Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier is restricted by its chemical structure. It antagonizes the effects of opioids in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the constipating effects of opioids without impacting their analgesic effects on the central nervous system?

Back 43

Methylnaltrexone (Relistor)

Front 44

Name this disease, Refers to the reflux of chyme from the stomach into the esophagus with or without Inflammation?

Back 44

GERD

Front 45

Precancerous Lesions on the esophageal wall can also be called?

Back 45

Barrett Esophagus

Front 46

Note Lifestyle changes for TX GERD & Morphology of Esophagus

Back 46

Lifestyle modifications (loose wt, stop smoking, avoid aggravating foods, do not wear tight clothes, avoid supine 3 hours pc, elevate head of bed 6 inches)

Front 47

Fundoplicaiton is the surgery option to repair what?

Back 47

Morphology of LES

Front 48

Name common Antacids

Back 48

Magnesium trisilicate (gaviscon), calcium carbonate (tums) magnesium hydroxide &aluminum hydroxide (maalox, mylanta)…

Front 49

H2 Receptor Antagonist have what type of ending?

Back 49

“-tidine” - nizatidine (axid), famotidine (pepcid) cimetidine (tagamet), ranitidine (zantac)

Front 50

Proton Pump Inhibitors ending

Back 50

“-prazole”- lansoprazole (prevacid), omeprazole (prilosec), pantoprazole (protonix), esomeprazole

Front 51

PPIs are lowering it (Nizoral, Sporanox…), What is ?

Back 51

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Front 52

Proton Pump Inhibitors S/E

Back 52

Ha, diarrhea, constipation…

Front 53

Two major forms of chronic peptic ulcers are

Back 53

duodenal and gastric

Front 54

Gastric Ulcers are often seen in alcoholics and chronic ASA user. Generally what is the age of these PT

Back 54

60 to 70

Front 55

Which neurotransmitters are involved in the vomiting response?

Back 55

Serotonin Histamine & dopamine

Front 56

Which antiemetics are the most likely to cause EPS?

Back 56

Dopamine Antagonist “Reglan”

Front 57

Would antivirals or antibacterials be used to treat H. pyulori?

Back 57

Antibacterial

Front 58

Name the Opioid Antagonist that was approved by FDA in April 2008 to treat opioid-induced constipation in palliative patients Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier is restricted by its chemical structure. It antagonizes the effects of opioids in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the constipating effects of opioids without impacting their analgesic effects on the central nervous system?

Back 58

Methylnaltrexone (Relistor)

Front 59

PPIs are lowering it (Nizoral, Sporanox…), What is ?

Back 59

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Front 60

PPIs are lowering it (Nizoral, Sporanox…) What is ?

Back 60

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Front 61

If a PT is taking PPI they are at an increased risk for

Back 61

c diff

Front 62

Which neurotransmitters are involved in the vomiting response?

Back 62

Serotonin Histamine & dopamine

Front 63

Which antiemetics are the most likely to cause EPS?

Back 63

Dopamine Antagonist “Reglan”

Front 64

Would antivirals or antibacterials be used to treat H. pyulori?

Back 64

Antibacterial

Front 65

What pharmaceutical agents are used in the treatment of GERD?

Back 65

H2 Blockers, PPI’s, Antacids, Reglan