Pharm Exam Ii

Front 1

Methyldopa

Back 1

Centrally acting Sympathoplegic
-A2>A1
-replaces NE in adrenergic vesicles
-agonist at CNS adrenergic receptors
-used for HTN

Front 2

Ephedrine

Back 2

Direct/Indirect Adrenergic Agonist
- mimic actions of Epi
-mild stimulant,cross blood-brain, not effected by COMT (can take PO), racemic, decongestant

Front 3

Metaraminol

Back 3

Direct-indirect adrenergic agonist
- mimic actions of Epi, treatment for hypotension

Front 4

Cocaine

Back 4

Indirect adrenergic agonist
-Alpha receptors, displaces NE at receptors (elevated NE), decreases dopamine reuptake (elevated dopa),topical anesthetic, vasoconstrict

Front 5

Tyramine

Back 5

Indirect Adrenergic Agonist
found in fermented foods, inactivated by digestion, sympathomimetic if not digested

Front 6

Amphetamine

Back 6

indirect Adrenergic Agonist
elevates (NE, Serotonin, Dopa), enters CNS (no -OH group), elevated mood, decreased appetite

Front 7

Diltiazem

Back 7

non-Dihydropyradine Ca++ Blocker(don't give B-Blockers). acts in vessels&heart,decreased PVR/HR/contractility/o2 Demand,used with angina&HTN. Toxicity:AV block,additive with cardiac depressents&anti-HTN

Front 8

Verapamil

Back 8

non-Dihydropyradine Ca-blocker (don't give B-blockers). Act on vessels&heart, decrease PVR/HR/contractility. Use with angina, HTN.Toxicity:AV block, additive with cardiac depressants and anti-HTN

Front 9

Nifedipine

Back 9

Dihydropyradine Ca-blocker, acts on vessels, decrease PVR. Toxicity: hypotension, additive with vasodilators

Front 10

Amlodipine

Back 10

Dihydropyradine Ca-blocker. acts on vessels, decrease PVR. Toxicity: hypotension, additive with vasodilators. HIGH AFFINITY FOR CEREBRAL VESSLELS

Front 11

Nicardipine

Back 11

IV-Dihydropyradine Ca-blocker, acts on vessels, decrease PVR. Toxicity: hypotension, additive with vasodilators

Front 12

Bepridil

Back 12

Dihydropyradine Ca-blocker, also blocks Na channels. Decreases PVR, may cause torsades, don't use with hx of severe arrythmias

Front 13

Clevidipine

Back 13

IV-Dihydropyradine Ca-Blocker, decrease PVR, short onset/duration (acts like esmolol), fat emulsion, use for 24 hours only

Front 14

Guanethidine

Back 14

Ganglion Blocking (sympathetic nerve terminal blocker) replaces NE is vessicles (decreased NR at receptors), decreases BP, diarrhea, blocks nicotinic receptors. Toxic: orthostatic, sexual dysfunction

Front 15

Resperine

Back 15

Ganglion blocker (sympathetic nerve terminal blocker). Blocks re-uptake and storage of NE, decreased NE, Dopa, serotonin. Toxic: sedation, Gi disturbances

Front 16

Clonodine

Back 16

Central Acting Sympathoplegic, Alpha 2
decreases catecholamines, use for HTN, sleep, migrains, neuropathic pain. Causes initial increase BP

Front 17

Metolprolol

Back 17

Beta-antagonist, B1>B2, decrease HR & BP, decrease renin, safer with asthma. Use in angina,HTN, arrythmias. Causes decrease HR, fatigue. Membrane stabilizing

Front 18

Atenolol

Back 18

Beta-antagonist, B1>B2, decrease HR & BP, decrease renin, safer with asthma. Use in angina, HTN, arrythmias. Causes decreased HR, fatigue

Front 19

Betaxolol

Back 19

Beta-antagonist, B1>B2, decrease HR & BP, decrease renin, safer with asthma. Use in angina, HTN, arrythmias. Causes decreased HR, fatigue

Front 20

Nebivolol

Back 20

Beta-antagonist, B1>B2, decreased HR & BP, decreased renin, safer with asthma, use in angina, HTN, arrythmias. Cause decreased HR, fatigue

Front 21

Butoxamine

Back 21

Beta-antagonist, B2>B1, elevates PVR, used topically in eye

Front 22

Timolol

Back 22

Beta-antagonist, B1 and B2. Decreases HR and renin. Used with HTN, angina, arrythmias, migains, hyperthyroidism. Causes decreased HR, worse asthma, fatigue

Front 23

Nadolol

Back 23

Beta-antagonist, B1 and B2. Decreases HR and renin, used with HTN, angina, arrythmias, migrains, hyperthyroidism. Causes decreased HR, worse asthma, fatigue

Front 24

Propranolol

Back 24

Beta-antagonist, B1 and B2. Decreases HR and renin, used with HTN, angina, arrythmias, migrains, hyperthyroidism. Causes decreased HR, worse asthma, fatigue. Membrane stabilizing

Front 25

Terazosin

Back 25

Alpha-antagonist, A1
Relaxes arteries and veins, no increase in catecholamines. Used with BPH, HTN (1st dose effect)

Front 26

Doxazosin

Back 26

Alpha-antagonist, A1
Relaxes arteries and veins, no increase in catecholamines. Used with BPH, HTN (1st dose effect). Decreases insulin release

Front 27

Prazosin

Back 27

Alpha-antagonist, A1>>>>A2
relaxes arteries and veins, no increase in catecholamines, used for BPH, HTN (1st dose effect)

Front 28

Phentolamine

Back 28

Alpha-antagonist, A1=A2
Vasodilation, increase in catecholamines (A2 blocked). Used for pheochromocytoma, nasal congestion

Front 29

Phenoxybenzamine

Back 29

Alpha-antagonist, A1>A2
Covalent bonds, lowers BP (HR increased due to baroreceptors), inhibit NE reuptake. Use with pheochromocytome, nasal congestion. Toxicity:increased HR, hypotension

Front 30

Tamsulosin

Back 30

Alpha-antagonist, A1 competative (slight A1a).
Blocks prostate smooth muscle more than vascular, less effect on BP. Used with BPH

Front 31

Pindolol

Back 31

partial Beta-antagonist, B1,B2 sympathomimetic
Decrease BP, slight decrease HR. Use with HTN, arrythmias, migrains. May avoid worsening of bradycardia, fatigue

Front 32

Acebutolol

Back 32

Partial Beta-antagonist, B1, B2. Decreased BP, slight decrease in HR. Use with HTN, arrythmias, migrains. May avoid worsening of bradycardia, fatigue

Front 33

Carteolol

Back 33

Partial Beta-antagonist, B1, B2
Decrease BP, slight decrease HR, used with HTN, arrythmias, migrains. May avoid worsening bradycardia, fatigue

Front 34

Celipiolol

Back 34

Partial Beta-antagonist, B1, B2
Decreased BP, slight decrease HR. Use with HTN, arrythmias, migrains. May avoid worsening bradycardia, fatigue

Front 35

Penbutolol

Back 35

Partial Beta-antagonist, B1, B2
Decrease BP, slight decrease HR. Use with HTN, arrythmias, migrains. May avoid worsening bradycardia, fatigue

Front 36

Carvedilol

Back 36

Partial Beta-antagonist B>A1
Long 1/2 life, used for heart failure, causes fatigue

Front 37

Esmolol

Back 37

IV Beta-antagonist, B1>B2
Decreases BP & HR. Use for arrythmias, HTN, MI-intra-op. Short 1/2 life, easy to titrate

Front 38

Nitroprusside

Back 38

Vasodilator, release of NO (looks like NO), Toxicity: cyanide poisoning (from metabolism)-->use sodium thiosulfate, Thyocyonate also toxic. Renal excretion

Front 39

Fenoldopam

Back 39

Vasodilator, activates D1 receptors
Powerful vasodilation, causes hypotension, possible shock

Front 40

Diazoxide

Back 40

Vasodilator, opens K+ channels
Powerful vasodilation, hypotension, possible shock. renal excretion

Front 41

Minoxidil

Back 41

Vasodilator, metabolite opens K+ channels is vascular smooth muscle. Toxicity: hypertrichosis, stronger than hydralazine

Front 42

Hydralazine

Back 42

Vasodilator, causes NO release. Vasodilation arteries>veins, reflex tachycardia. Toxicity: tachycardia, increased side effects with doses >400mg (slow acytylators)

Front 43

Nitroglycerine

Back 43

Nitrate, release NO in smooth muscle. Increased cGMP, decrease PVR, vasodilation, increase coronary flow, synergistic hypotension with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, volitile, SL-avoids 1st pass, 4 byproducts, can build tolerance

Front 44

Amyl Nitrite

Back 44

Nitrate, release NO in smooth muscle. Sympathetic discharge (increase HR/contractility due to vasodilation), more potent than NTG, most volitile of nitrates, can be inhaled, tolerance

Front 45

Isosorbide

Back 45

Nitrate, release of NO. Metabolite of NTG

Front 46

Losartin

Back 46

Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
reduces angiotensin II, decrease vasoconstriction, No bradykinin effect--> no cough, teratogenic

Front 47

Valsartin

Back 47

Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
reduces angiotensin II, decrease vasoconstriction, No bradykinin effect--> no cough, teratogenic

Front 48

Captopril

Back 48

ACE-inhibitor
reduces angiotensin II, decrease vasoconstriction and proteinuria, increase bradykinin, used with HTN&DM, short 1/2 life, causes cough, teratogenic

Front 49

Enalapril

Back 49

ACE-inhibitor
reduces angiotensin II, decrease vasoconstriction & proteinuria, increase bradykinin, used with HTN, DM. can cause cough, teratogenic

Front 50

Lisinopril

Back 50

ACE-inhibitor
reduces angiotensin II, decrease vasoconstriction & proteinuria, increase bradykinin, used with HTN, DM. can cause cough, teratogenic

Front 51

Benzepril

Back 51

ACE-inhibitor
reduces angiotensin II, decrease vasoconstriction & proteinuria, increase bradykinin, used with HTN, DM. can cause cough, teratogenic

Front 52

Fosinopril

Back 52

ACE-inhibitor
reduces angiotensin II, decrease vasoconstriction & proteinuria, increase bradykinin, used with HTN, DM. can cause cough, teratogenic

Front 53

Quinapril

Back 53

ACE-inhibitor
reduces angiotensin II, decrease vasoconstriction & proteinuria, increase bradykinin, used with HTN, DM. can cause cough, teratogenic

Front 54

Ramipril

Back 54

ACE-inhibitor
reduces angiotensin II, decrease vasoconstriction & proteinuria, increase bradykinin, used with HTN, DM. can cause cough, teratogenic

Front 55

Terbutaline

Back 55

Beta-agonist, B2
Smooth muscle vasodilation, relax uterus

Front 56

Ritodrine

Back 56

Beta-agonist, B2
Smooth muscle vasodilation

Front 57

Metaproterenal

Back 57

Beta-agonist, B2
Bronchodilator

Front 58

Isoproteranol

Back 58

Beta-agonist, B2
Vasodilator, increase CO, decrease DBP/MAP, increase/decrease SBP
0.5-5mcg/min
Catecholamine

Front 59

Dopamine

Back 59

Adrenergic-agonist, D, B1, A1 (high doses)
dilate renal arteries, increase urine output, B1 inotrope/chronotrope
Low: 1-3mcg/kg/min
Med: 2-10mcg/kg/min
High: >10mcg/kg/min
Catecholamine

Front 60

Dobutamine

Back 60

Adrenergic-agonist, B1, A1 (high doses)
positive inotrope, used for heart failure/cardiogenic shock.
2.5-15mcg/kg/min (45mcg max)
catecholamine

Front 61

Albuterol

Back 61

Adrenergic agonist, B2
Broncholar smooth muscle relaxation

Front 62

Phenylephrine

Back 62

Adrenergic agonist, A1
Vasoconstriction, 100x less potent then Epi, not inactivated by COMT

Front 63

Norepinephrine

Back 63

Adrenergic agonist, A, B1
Alpha vasoconstriction, increases SBP/DBP, vagal reflex decreases HR.
8-12 mcg/min
Catecholamine

Front 64

Methoxamine

Back 64

Adrenergic Agonist, A1
alpha vasoconstriction

Front 65

Epinephrine

Back 65

Adrenergic Agonist, A1=A2, B1=B2
alpha vasoconstriction, B1 inotrope, B2 chronotrope/dilate skeletal muscle
1-10mcg/min
Catecholamine

Front 66

Clonodine

Back 66

Adrenergic Agonist, A2
central sympatholytic effects: decrease catecholamines, use to treat HTN, sleep, migrains, neropathic pain, initial increase in BP

Front 67

Oxymetazoline

Back 67

Alpha agonist
used in nasal spray, high doses cross blood-brain barrier, ADHD drug

Front 68

Xylometazoline

Back 68

Alpha agonist
used in nasal spray, high doses cross blood-brain barrier, ADHD drug

Front 69

Labetalol

Back 69

Beta-antagonist, B, A1. Use with HTN and angina. Lesslikely to cause bradycardia and cholesterol abnormalities. Metabolized by CYP2D6