Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
148 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Nystatin
|
Antifungal
MOA: Bind to ergosterol in plasma membrane to form pores; K+ leakage *More toxic than amphotericin B |
|
|
Amphotericin B
|
Antifungal
MOA: Bind to ergosterol in plasma membrane to form pores; K+ leakage SE: Renal toxicity, fever and chills |
|
|
Miconazole
|
Antifungal - Azole
Topical PK: Inhibits P450 (3A4) MOA: Prevent conversion of lanosterol --> ergosterol. This causes an increase in membrane fluidity and permeability SE: Hepatitis |
|
|
Ketoconazole
|
Antifungal - Azole
Oral PK: Inhibits P450 (3A4) SE: **Blocks androgen and adrenal steroid synthesis (gynecomastia), fatal hepatotoxic, hepatitis MOA: Prevent conversion of lanosterol --> ergosterol. This causes an increase in membrane fluidity and permeability Important! |
|
|
Clotrimazole
|
Antifungal - Azole
Topical PK: Inhibits P450 (3A4) MOA: Prevent conversion of lanosterol --> ergosterol. This causes an increase in membrane fluidity and permeability SE: Hepatitis |
|
|
Fluconazole
|
Antifungal - Azole
*Does not inhibit steroidogenesis, no endocrine SE DOC for cryptococcus neoformans, candidemia MOA: Prevent conversion of lanosterol --> ergosterol. This causes an increase in membrane fluidity and permeability SE: Hepatitis |
|
|
Itraconazole
|
Antifungal - Azole
PK: Inhibits P450 (3A4) MOA: Prevent conversion of lanosterol --> ergosterol. This causes an increase in membrane fluidity and permeability SE: Hepatitis |
|
|
Caspofungin
|
Antifungal
MOA: Inhibit synthesis of fungal cell wall, inhibit synthesis of B-1,3-D- glucan Important! |
|
|
Flucytosine
|
Antifungal
MOA: Cytosine deaminase converts flucytosine to 5-flurodeoxyuridine (5-FU, a false analog) inhibiting thymidylate synthase. |
|
|
Griseofulvin
|
Antifungal
MOA: Binds to microtubules to inhibit mitosis PK: Induces P450 SE: Hepatitis |
|
|
Mechlorethamine
|
Alkylating Agent
Electrophiles that react with electron-rich atoms (DNA) in the cells to form covalent cross links which causes inhibition of DNA replication. SE: Myelosuppression and secondary leukemia |
|
|
Cyclophosphamide
|
Alkylating Agent
Electrophiles that react with electron-rich atoms (DNA) in the cells to form covalent cross links which causes inhibition of DNA replication. SE: Myelosuppression and secondary leukemia *Mesna co-administered to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis Important! |
|
|
Melphalan
|
Alkylating Agent
Electrophiles that react with electron-rich atoms (DNA) in the cells to form covalent cross links which causes inhibition of DNA replication. SE: Myelosuppression and secondary leukemia |
|
|
bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU)
|
Alkylating Agent
Electrophiles that react with electron-rich atoms (DNA) in the cells to form covalent cross links which causes inhibition of DNA replication. SE: Myelosuppression and secondary leukemia *Additional SE: CNS abnormalities |
|
|
Busulfan
|
Alkylating Agent
Electrophiles that react with electron-rich atoms (DNA) in the cells to form covalent cross links which causes inhibition of DNA replication. SE: Myelosuppression and secondary leukemia *Additional SE: Pulmonary fibrosis |
|
|
Thiotepa
|
Alkylating Agent
Electrophiles that react with electron-rich atoms (DNA) in the cells to form covalent cross links which causes inhibition of DNA replication. SE: Myelosuppression and secondary leukemia |
|
|
Mitomycin
|
Antitumor Antibiotics
|
|
|
Cis-platin
|
Anti-Neoplastic, Natural Products
MOA: Electrophiles that react with electron-rich atoms (DNA) in the cells to form covalent cross links which causes inhibition of DNA replication. SE: High nausea and nephrotoxicity Important! |
|
|
Methotrexate
|
Antimetabolite - Folic acid antagonist
MOA: Competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and leads to blockage of tetrahydrofolate synthesis SE: Neutropenia requires *leucovorin rescue. Also leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Pulmonary pneumonitis. |
|
|
5-fluorouracil
|
Antimetabolite - Pyrimidine Antagonist
MOA: Acts as a false pyrimidine inhibiting the enzyme thymidylate synthase, inhibiting production of thymidine SE: myelosuppression, ulceration of oral and GI muscosa |
|
|
Cytarabine
|
Antimetabolite - Pyrimidine Antagonist
AKA cytosine arabinoside MOA: Inhibits DNA polymerase |
|
|
6-mercaptopurine
|
Antimetabolite - Purine Antagonist
MOA: Analogs are incorporated into DNA and also prevent purine synthesis. Requires conversion by the enzyme hypoxanthine guanine- phosphoribosyltransferase *Make sure to genotype for thiopurine methyltransferase. This enzyme breaks down the drug, so if you don't have enough of it, you'll have over-activation of the drug. |
|
|
6-thioguanine
|
Antimetabolite - Purine Antagonist
|
|
|
Doxorubicin
|
Antitumor Antibiotics
MOA: Intercalates between base pairs causing DNA breaks, works on S and G2 phases SE: Cardiomyopathies (CHF), discoloration of urine and sweat (red for rubies) |
|
|
Daunorubicin
|
Antitumor Antibiotics
MOA: Intercalates between base pairs causing DNA breaks, works on S and G2 phases SE: Cardiomyopathies (CHF), discoloration of urine and sweat (red for rubies) |
|
|
Bleomycin
|
Antitumor Antibiotic
MOA: Generates free radicals that fragment DNA. Works on G2 phase. SE: Pulmonary toxicity *Does NOT inhibit bone marrow function Important! |
|
|
Vincristine
|
Antimitotic Drug
MOA: Block polymerization of the mitotic spindle by binding tubulin, works at M phase SE: Neurotoxic *Anything that starts with "vin" is anti-mitotic |
|
|
Vinblastine
|
Antimitotic Drug
MOA: Block polymerization of the mitotic spindle by binding tubulin, works at M phase SE: Myelosupression (Blasts the Bone marrow) |
|
|
Paclitaxel
|
Antimitotic Drug
MOA: Promotes the polymerization of microtubules. Overly stable and non-functional SE: Myelosupression (neutropenia DLT), peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity |
|
|
Etoposide
|
Antineoplastic, Natural products
MOA: Forms a complex with topoisomerase II, forming single stand DNA breaks (Fragment DNA) *Works on S and G2 phases SE: Myelosuppression |
|
|
Camptothecins
|
Antineoplastic, Natural products
*Natural alkaloid found in the bark and wood of Chinese camptotheca tree MOA: Inhibits enzyme topoisomerase I resulting in the stabilization of the cleavage complexes causing reversible single strand DNA breaks. Works on S phase. |
|
|
Hydroxyurea
|
Antineoplastic
MOA: Blocks conversion of ribonucleotide --> Deoxyribonucleotide |
|
|
L-asparaginase
|
Antineoplastic
MOA: Catalyzes the deamination of asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. Tumor cells require external source due to limited capacity to synthesize sufficient amounts. SE: Hypersensitivity |
|
|
Arsenic trioxide
|
Antineoplastic
|
|
|
Imantinib
|
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
MOA: Inhibits bcr-abl tyrosine kinase activation by occupying the kinase pocket to prevent the phosphorylation of tyrosine SE: Edema, CHF |
|
|
Cetuximab
|
Anti-EGFR antibodies
MOA: Binds to EGFR and inhibits downstream EGFR signaling |
|
|
Trastuzumab
|
Anti-EGFR antibodies
MOA: Binds to EGFR and inhibits downstream EGFR signaling *Binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor protein 2 (HER2) inhibiting the proliferation of cells. This is used for breast cancer. |
|
|
Bevacizumab
|
VEGF antibodies
MOA: Inhibits VEGF from stimulating formation of new blood vessels |
|
|
Gefitinib
|
EGFR kinase domain inhibitor
MOA: Inhibits tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR |
|
|
Amantadine
|
M2 Inhibitor - Treats Influenza
MOA: Blocks viral membrane matrix protein M2, prevents viral penetration and uncoating. SE: Anticholinergic *Rapid resistance Also used for Parkinson's, CNS SE |
|
|
Rimantadine
|
M2 Inhibitor - Treats Influenza
MOA: Blocks viral membrane matrix protein M2, prevents viral penetration and uncoating. SE: Anticholinergic *Rapid resistance |
|
|
Ribavarine
|
Antiviral - Treats Hep C
MOA: Inhibits IMP dehydrogenase (interferes with DNA synthesis) SE: Hemolytic anemia and rash Important! |
|
|
Acyclovir
|
Antiviral - Guanosine analog
Treats Herpes - DOC for HSV encephalitis MOA: Guanosine analog that is phosphorylated by thymidine kinase (MUST be activated by this), inhibiting DNA polymerase by chain termination. SE: Nephrotoxic IMPORTANT! |
|
|
Valcyclovir
|
Antiviral - Guanosine analog
Treats Herpes *Prodrug for Acyclovir MOA: Guanosine analog that is phosphorylated by thymidine kinase, inhibiting DNA polymerase by chain termination. |
|
|
Penciclovir
|
Antiviral - Treats Herpes
MOA: Inhibits viral DNA polymerase *Topical formulation |
|
|
Famciclovir
|
Antiviral - Treats Herpes
MOA: Inhibits viral DNA polymerase *Topical formulation |
|
|
Ganciclovir
|
Antiviral - Treats Herpes
MOA: Guanosine analog that is phosphorylated by thymidine kinase, inhibiting DNA polymerase by chain termination. DOC: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) SE: Hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic |
|
|
Vidarabine
|
Antiviral - Treats Herpes
Topical |
|
|
Trifluridine
|
Antiviral - Treats Herpes
Topical |
|
|
Idoxuridine
|
Antiviral - Treats Herpes
MOA: Thymidine analog that inhibits DNA polymerase and incorporated in DNA chain, causing early termination Used topically (too toxic for systemic use) |
|
|
Foscarnet
|
Antiviral - Treats Herpes
MOA: Non-nucleoside analog of pyrophosphate that reversibly inhibits viral DNA polymerase SE: Nephrotoxic, chelation *Last line if a lot of virals are resistant |
|
|
Sorivudine
|
Antiviral - Treats Herpes
*Discontinued MOA: Guanosine analog that is phosphorylated by thymidine kinase, inhibiting DNA polymerase by chain termination. |
|
|
Retrovir
|
NRTI
MOA of NRTIs: Analogs of nucleosides which lack a 3’-OH group and when incorporated to viral DNA by RT, causes DNA chain termination |
|
|
Didanosine
|
NRTI
*A analog MOA of NRTIs: Analogs of nucleosides which lack a 3’-OH group and when incorporated to viral DNA by RT, causes DNA chain termination SE: Peripheral neuropathy, Pancreatitis Important! |
|
|
Zalcitabine
|
NRTI
*C analog MOA of NRTIs: Analogs of nucleosides which lack a 3’-OH group and when incorporated to viral DNA by RT, causes DNA chain termination SE: Peripheral neuropathy Important! |
|
|
Stavudine
|
NRTI
*T analog MOA of NRTIs: Analogs of nucleosides which lack a 3’-OH group and when incorporated to viral DNA by RT, causes DNA chain termination SE: Peripheral neuropathy Important! |
|
|
Lamivudine
|
NRTI
*C analog MOA of NRTIs: Analogs of nucleosides which lack a 3’-OH group and when incorporated to viral DNA by RT, causes DNA chain termination |
|
|
Emitricitabine
|
NRTI
*C analog MOA: Analogs of nucleosides which lack a 3’-OH group and when incorporated to viral DNA by RT, causes DNA chain termination SE: Lactic acidosis |
|
|
Abacavar
|
NRTI
*G analog MOA of NRTIs: Analogs of nucleosides which lack a 3’-OH group and when incorporated to viral DNA by RT, causes DNA chain termination SE: Lipotrophy, *5% Hypersensitivity (drug fever and rash, malaise, respiratory distress) |
|
|
Tenofovir
|
NRTI
MOA of NRTIs: Analogs of nucleosides which lack a 3’-OH group and when incorporated to viral DNA by RT, causes DNA chain termination SE: Lipoatrophy |
|
|
Nevirapine
|
NNRTI
*P450 Inducer MOA of NNRTIs: Bind to RT active site, inducing conformation change. Block RNA/DNA dependent DNA polymerase. SE: Rash!, severe hepatotoxicity Important! |
|
|
Delavirdine
|
NNRTI
*Inhibits P450 MOA of NNRTIs:Bind to RT active site, inducing conformation change. Block RNA/DNA dependent DNA polymerase. SE: Rash! Important! |
|
|
Efavirenz
|
NNRTI
*P450 Inducer MOA of NNRTIs: Bind to RT active site, inducing conformation change. Block RNA/DNA dependent DNA polymerase. SE: Rash! Important! |
|
|
Saquinavir
|
Protease Inhibitor
MOA of PIs: Inhibits HIV protease (cleaves polyprotein into essential enzymes). Prevents protease from processing HIV structural proteins, proteins required for virion assembly, and RT. Makes immature, noninfectious virions. PK of PIs: Potent inhibitors of 3A4 and 2D6 SE: Metabolic problems, fat redistribution (buffalo back) |
|
|
Ritonovir
|
Protease Inhibitor
*Used as booster MOA of PIs: Inhibits HIV protease (cleaves polyprotein into essential enzymes). Prevents protease from processing HIV structural proteins, proteins required for virion assembly, and RT. Makes immature, noninfectious virions. PK of PIs: Potent inhibitors of 3A4 and 2D6 SE: Metabolic problems, fat redistribution (buffalo back) Important! |
|
|
Indiavir
|
Protease Inhibitor
MOA of PIs: Inhibits HIV protease (cleaves polyprotein into essential enzymes). Prevents protease from processing HIV structural proteins, proteins required for virion assembly, and RT. Makes immature, noninfectious virions. PK of PIs: Potent inhibitors of 3A4 and 2D6 SE: Metabolic problems, fat redistribution (buffalo back) *Causes nephrolithiasis (kidney stones, know this) |
|
|
Nelfinavir
|
Protease Inhibitor
MOA of PIs: Inhibits HIV protease (cleaves polyprotein into essential enzymes). Prevents protease from processing HIV structural proteins, proteins required for virion assembly, and RT. Makes immature, noninfectious virions. PK of PIs: Potent inhibitors of 3A4 and 2D6 SE: Metabolic problems, fat redistribution (buffalo back) |
|
|
Amprenavir
|
Protease Inhibitor
MOA of PIs: Inhibits HIV protease (cleaves polyprotein into essential enzymes). Prevents protease from processing HIV structural proteins, proteins required for virion assembly, and RT. Makes immature, noninfectious virions. PK of PIs: Potent inhibitors of 3A4 and 2D6 SE: Metabolic problems, fat redistribution (buffalo back) |
|
|
Penicillin G/V
|
Natural Penicillins
*Used for strep and syphilis MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan SE: Hypersensitivity (Type1) due to haptens Resistance: B-lactamase Important! |
|
|
Nafcillin
|
B-lactamase Resistant Penicillin
*Mainly for S. aureus MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan Important! |
|
|
Oxacillin
|
B-lactamase Resistant Penicillin
*Mainly for S. aureus MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan Important! |
|
|
Cloxacillin
|
B-lactamase Resistant Penicillin
*Mainly for S. aureus MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan |
|
|
Dicloxacillin
|
B-lactamase Resistant Penicillin
*Mainly for S. aureus MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan |
|
|
Ampicillin
|
Aminopenicillin
*Gram-neg coverage MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan Important! |
|
|
Amoxacillin
|
Aminopenicillin
*Gram-neg coverage MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan Important! |
|
|
Ticarcillin
|
Anti-pseudomonal Penicillin
MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan |
|
|
Azlocillin
|
Anti-pseudomonal Penicillin
MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan |
|
|
Pipercillin
|
Anti-pseudomonal Penicillin
MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan Important! |
|
|
Cefadroxil
|
First Generation Cephalosporin
*Good gram-pos coverage, modest gram-neg MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan fad faz phal! |
|
|
Cefazolin
|
First Generation Cephalosporin
*Good gram-pos coverage, modest gram-neg MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan fad faz phal! |
|
|
Cephalexin
|
First Generation Cephalosporin
*Good gram-pos coverage, modest gram-neg MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan fad faz phal! |
|
|
Cefuroxime
|
Second Generation Cephalosporin
*Better Gram-neg coverage MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan fur fot fox fac! |
|
|
Cefotetan
|
Second Generation Cephalosporin
*Better Gram-neg coverage MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan fur fot fox fac! |
|
|
Cefoxitin
|
Second Generation Cephalosporin
*Better Gram-neg coverage MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan fur fot fox fac! |
|
|
Cefaclor
|
Second Generation Cephalosporin
*Better Gram-neg coverage MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan fur fot fox fac! |
|
|
Moxalactam
|
Third Generation Cephalosporins
*Broad gram-neg coverage MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan *Disulfarim Like reaction |
|
|
Cefotaxime
|
Third Generation Cephalosporins
*Broad gram-neg coverage MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan |
|
|
Ceftriaxone
|
Third Generation Cephalosporins
*Broad gram-neg coverage MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan *Does not cover psuedomonas, DOC for gonorrhea IMPORTANT!! |
|
|
Ceftazidime
|
Third Generation Cephalosporins
*Broad gram-neg coverage MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan *Pseudomonas Important! |
|
|
Cefepime
|
Fourth Generation Cephalosporin
Broadest coverage - both gram-pos and gram-neg, covers pseudomonas MOA: Irreversibly inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) interfering with cross-linking of peptidoglycan |
|
|
Clavulanic acid
|
B-lactamase Inhibitor
MOA: Irreversibility binds to B-lactamase “Suicide Inhibitor” Important! |
|
|
Sulbactam
|
B-lactamase Inhibitor
MOA: Irreversibility binds to B-lactamase “Suicide Inhibitor” Important! |
|
|
Imipenem
|
Carbopenam
*Broadest B-lactam. Covers gram-pos, gram-neg, anerobes SE: Seizures! Important! |
|
|
Ertapenem
|
Carbopenam
*Broadest B-lactam. Covers gram-pos, gram-neg, anerobes SE: Seizures! *Does not cover pseudomonas |
|
|
Vancomycin
|
*Gram-pos, DOC for MRSA!
MOA: Inhibits cell wall formation by binding to terminal D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors, preventing polymerization of peptidoglycans SE: Nephrotoxic, red man's syndrome (infuse drug too fast, causes rash, itchiness due to release of histamines) Resistant: Change an alanine to lactate *SUPER IMPORTANT! |
|
|
Bacitracin
|
MOA: Inhibits cell wall formation by blocking transport of peptidoglycan precursors across cell membrane
*Topical because nephrotoxic |
|
|
Cycloserine
|
*Used as 2nd line for anti-TB
MOA: Structure analog of D-Ala that inhibits cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Neomycin
|
Aminoglycoside
MOA: Bacteriocidal - Binds A site of 30S inhibiting initiation complex and misreading of mRNA template SE: Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogen (NOT) Resistance: Enzymatic deactivation (alter sidechain) *Topical, used prior to bowel surgery to "clean" |
|
|
Gentamicin
|
Aminoglycoside
MOA: Bacteriocidal - Binds 30S inhibiting initiation complex and misreading of mRNA template SE: Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogen (NOT) Resistance: Enzymatic deactivation (alter sidechain) *Low cost, reliable activity against gram-neg bacilli |
|
|
Streptomycin
|
Aminoglycoside
MOA: Bacteriocidal - Binds 30S inhibiting initiation complex and misreading of mRNA template SE: Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogen (NOT) Resistance: Enzymatic deactivation (alter sidechain) *1st line antiTB - RIPE(S), plague |
|
|
Amikacin
|
Aminoglycoside
MOA: Bacteriocidal - Binds 30S inhibiting initiation complex and misreading of mRNA template SE: Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogen (NOT) Resistance: Enzymatic deactivation (alter sidechain) |
|
|
Tobramycin
|
Aminoglycoside
MOA: Bacteriocidal - Binds 30S inhibiting initiation complex and misreading of mRNA template SE: Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogen (NOT) Resistance: Enzymatic deactivation (alter sidechain) |
|
|
Kanamycin
|
Aminoglycoside
MOA: Bacteriocidal - Binds 30S inhibiting initiation complex and misreading of mRNA template SE: Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogen (NOT) Resistance: Enzymatic deactivation (alter sidechain) |
|
|
Erythromycin
|
Macrolide
Indications: Atypical pneumonias MOA: Binds to 23S rRNA on 50S inhibiting translocation (slide) of peptide chain SE: GI irritations, **prolonged QT Resistance: Decrease affinity of 50S (modification of 23S rRNA by Erm methylases) |
|
|
Clindamycin
|
Macrolide
*Covers gram-pos, anaerobes and community MRSA!! Indications: Atypical pneumonias MOA: Binds to 23S rRNA on 50S inhibiting translocation (slide) of peptide chain SE: GI irritations, **prolonged QT, **Pseudomonas colitis! Resistance: Decrease affinity of 50S (modification of 23S rRNA by Erm methylases) *This is the #1 cause of c. diff Important! |
|
|
Clarithromycin
|
Macrolide
Indications: Atypical pneumonias MOA: Binds to 23S rRNA on 50S inhibiting translocation (slide) of peptide chain SE: GI irritations, **prolonged QT Resistance: Decrease affinity of 50S (modification of 23S rRNA by Erm methylases) *Used in triple treatment of H. pylori! |
|
|
Azithromycin
|
Macrolide
Indications: Atypical pneumonias MOA: Binds to 23S rRNA on 50S inhibiting translocation (slide) of peptide chain SE: GI irritations, **prolonged QT Resistance: Decrease affinity of 50S (modification of 23S rRNA by Erm methylases) |
|
|
Chloramphenicol
|
MOA: Blocks peptide formation at 50S
SE: Gray baby syndrome (drug can't be broken down by babies) *Can inhibit mitochondrial ribosomes, causing bone marrow toxicity |
|
|
Oxytetracycline
|
Tetracycline
MOA: Binds to the 30S and competes with tRNA for the A site SE: GI, chelation in growing children (yellow teeth) CI: Do not use in pregnancy or children less than 8 Resistance: Widespread due to Mg2+ dependent active efflux by plasmid encoded protein TetA |
|
|
Chlortetracycline
|
Tetracycline
MOA: Binds to the 30S and competes with tRNA for the A site SE: GI, chelation in growing children (yellow teeth) CI: Do not use in pregnancy or children less than 8 Resistance: Widespread due to Mg2+ dependent active efflux by plasmid encoded protein TetA |
|
|
Doxycycline
|
Tetracycline
MOA: Binds to the 30S and competes with tRNA for the A site SE: GI, chelation in growing children (yellow teeth) CI: Do not use in pregnancy or children less than 8 Resistance: Widespread due to Mg2+ dependent active efflux by plasmid encoded protein TetA *Used to treat malaria Important! |
|
|
Methacycin
|
Tetracycline
MOA: Binds to the 30S and competes with tRNA for the A site SE: GI, chelation in growing children (yellow teeth) CI: Do not use in pregnancy or children less than 8 Resistance: Widespread due to Mg2+ dependent active efflux by plasmid encoded protein TetA |
|
|
Minocyclin
|
Tetracycline
MOA: Binds to the 30S and competes with tRNA for the A site SE: GI, chelation in growing children (yellow teeth) CI: Do not use in pregnancy or children less than 8 Resistance: Widespread due to Mg2+ dependent active efflux by plasmid encoded protein TetA |
|
|
Sulfamethoxazole
|
Sulfonamide
MOA: Bacteriostatic - PABA analog that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (enzyme that converts dihydropteroid acid --> folate). SE: Hypersensitivity (rash), hemolytic anemia (G6PD) |
|
|
Sulfisoxazole
|
Sulfonamide
MOA: Bacteriostatic - PABA analog that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (enzyme that converts dihydropteroid acid --> folate). SE: Hypersensitivity (rash), hemolytic anemia (G6PD) |
|
|
Sulfadiazine
|
Sulfonamide
MOA: Bacteriostatic - PABA analog that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (enzyme that converts dihydropteroid acid --> folate). SE: Hypersensitivity (rash), hemolytic anemia (G6PD) |
|
|
Sulfasalazine
|
Sulfonamide
MOA: Bacteriostatic - PABA analog that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (enzyme that converts dihydropteroid acid --> folate). SE: Hypersensitivity (rash), hemolytic anemia (G6PD) |
|
|
Sulfacetamide
|
Sulfonamide
MOA: Bacteriostatic - PABA analog that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (enzyme that converts dihydropteroid acid --> folate). SE: Hypersensitivity (rash), hemolytic anemia (G6PD) |
|
|
Sulfadoxine
|
Sulfonamide
MOA: Bacteriostatic - PABA analog that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (enzyme that converts dihydropteroid acid --> folate). SE: Hypersensitivity (rash), hemolytic anemia (G6PD) *Used to treat malaria! |
|
|
Trimethoprim
|
MOA: Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (enzyme that converts folate --> tetrahydrofolic acid)
SE: Treats marrow poorly (TMP) |
|
|
Nalidixic acid
|
Quinolone
MOA: Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase IV) to prevent resealing of DNA, inhibiting cell division PK: Decreases absorption of divalent cations SE: Ruptured tendons! |
|
|
Norfloxacin
|
Quinolone
MOA: Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase IV) to prevent resealing of DNA, inhibiting cell division PK: Decreases absorption of divalent cations SE: Ruptured tendons! |
|
|
Ciprofloxain
|
Quinolone
MOA: Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase IV) to prevent resealing of DNA, inhibiting cell division PK: Decreases absorption of divalent cations SE: Ruptured tendons! |
|
|
Isoniazid
|
Antimycobacterial Drug
MOA: Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids PK: Metabolized by acetylation (slow vs fast) SE: Periphral neuropathy (give vit B6), hepatotoxic *1st line antiTB drug - RIPE(S) Important! |
|
|
Pyrazinamide
|
Antimycobacterial Drug
MOA: Requires acidic environment to inhibit synthesis of mycolic acids *1st line antiTB drug - RIPE(S) |
|
|
Rifampin
|
Antimycobacterial Drug
MOA: Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase PK: Induces P450 SE: Hepatitis, red/orange fluids *1st line antiTB drug - RIPE(S) |
|
|
Ethambutol
|
Antimycobacterial Drug
MOA: Inhibits synthesis of outer coating of cell wall by inhibiting arabinosyl transferase SE: Optic neuritis (Starts with E --> Eyes) *1st line antiTB drug - RIPE(S) |
|
|
Dapsone
|
Anti-leprosy
MOA: PABA antagonist to inhibit folate biosynthesis SE: Hemolysis (G6PD) |
|
|
Metronidazole
|
Antiprotozoal
DOC for c. diff MOA: Froms cytotoxic compound (ROS) that bind to proteins and DNA DI: Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol (Can't take with alcohol) IMPORTANT! Take this if you see protozoa. |
|
|
Primaquine
|
Treats malaria
SE: Hemolytic anemia (G6DP) |
|
|
Quinine
|
Treats malaria
|
|
|
Chloroquine
|
Treats malaria
|
|
|
Mefloquine
|
Treats malaria
|
|
|
Pyrimethamine
|
Treats malaria
|
|
|
Haloxanthrine
|
Treats malaria
|
|
|
Artemisinin
|
Treats malaria
*Derived from Qinghaosu plant *Safe drug! |
|
|
Niridazole
|
Trematodes - Flatworms
|
|
|
Ivermectin
|
Nematodes - Roundworms
|
|
|
Diloxanide furoate
|
Luminal amebicide
|
|
|
Niclosamide
|
Cestodes - Tapeworms
|
|
|
Iodoquinol
|
Luminal amebicide
|
|
|
Praziquantel
|
Trematodes/Cestodes - Flatworms/Tapeworms
|
|
|
Pyrantel Pamoate
|
Nematodes - Roundworms
|
|
|
Piperazine
|
Nematodes - Roundworms
|
|
|
Diethylcarbamazepine
|
Nematodes - Roundworms
|
|
|
Mebendazole
|
Bendazole
MOA: interferes with the polymerization/assembly of the parasites’ microtubules, affecting microtubule- dependent uptake of glucose (selective for helminth tubulin) Use bendazoles if you see worms! |
|
|
Thiabendazole
|
Bendazole
MOA: interferes with the polymerization/assembly of the parasites’ microtubules, affecting microtubule- dependent uptake of glucose (selective for helminth tubulin) Use bendazoles if you see worms! |
|
|
Albendazole
|
Bendazole
MOA: interferes with the polymerization/assembly of the parasites’ microtubules, affecting microtubule- dependent uptake of glucose (selective for helminth tubulin) Use bendazoles if you see worms! |
