Pharm Exam 4: Toxicology

Front 1

Who was the father of toxicology?

Back 1

Paracelsus

Front 2

What is LD50?

Back 2

The dose which is lethal to 50% of population

Front 3

There is/is not individual susceptibility when considering toxicity?

Back 3

There IS individual susceptibility to consider

Front 4

What determines the biological response to a toxicant?

Back 4

Dose of toxicant

Front 5

As the dose of toxicant increases, the resonse increases/decreases?

Back 5

Increases

Front 6

We want ED and LD close or far apart?

Back 6

Far apart

Front 7

Concept that drugs at very low doses can have a protective effect is called:

Back 7

Hormesis

Front 8

Hormesis is usually seen with what kind of treatment?

Back 8

Radiation

Front 9

Stimulation of DNA repair mechanisms without causing any DNA damage with low dose radiation therapy is known as:

Back 9

Radiation hormesis

Front 10

Name three toxic heavy metals:

Back 10

1. Lead
2. Mercury
3. Arsenic

Front 11

Name a primary source of lead exposure

Back 11

Leaded paint

Front 12

Houses older than what year should be concerned with leaded paint?

Back 12

1970

Front 13

Lead can also be present in auto emissions and drinking water T/F?

Back 13

True

Front 14

Race cars use what kind of gasoline?

Back 14

Leaded gasoline

Front 15

Why are bridge construction workers at increased risk of lead exposure?

Back 15

Leaded paint on bridges

Front 16

What were water pipes made of prior to WWII?

Back 16

Lead

Front 17

Moonshine whisky is made using automobile radiator parts. This can cause exposure to what heavy metal?

Back 17

Lead

Front 18

Who is most at risk of lead exposure?

Back 18

Children

Front 19

How do children most commonly get exposed to lead?

Back 19

Eating leaded paint chips

Front 20

Lead is/is not a risk to the developing fetus?

Back 20

Risk

Front 21

Lead can/cannot cross the placenta?

Back 21

Can cross the placenta

Front 22

Lead primarily affects what system of the human body?

Back 22

Peripheral and central nervous system

Front 23

Can lead cause reproductive toxicity?

Back 23

Yes it can - can cross the placenta

Front 24

What hematological effect can lead have on blood levels?

Back 24

Anemia

Front 25

What is the cut off for lead toxicity?

Back 25

> 10 micrograms/dL

Front 26

Neurologic deficits caused by lead are irreversible or reversible in children?

Back 26

Irreversible, permanent

Front 27

Lead can cause lower IQ scores T/F?

Back 27

True

Front 28

Effects in children with lead occur at higher/lower levels than adults?

Back 28

Toxicity and effects at lower levels than adults

Front 29

Is lead a probable human carcinogen?

Back 29

Yes it is

Front 30

What heavy metal inhibits enzymes critical to the synthesis of heme?

Back 30

Lead

Front 31

What heavy metal can cause anemia?

Back 31

Lead

Front 32

Lead can cause speech and language problems, T/F?

Back 32

True

Front 33

Lead enters the body primarily through what two mechanisms?

Back 33

Ingestion and inhalation

Front 34

************************************
What are the risk control techniques for liability losses?
************************************

Back 34

************************************
************ALL*******************
1. Avoid the activity that creates the loss exposure
2. Loss Prevention - decrease likelihood of loss occurring
3. Loss reduction - minimize effects.
************************************

Front 35

What body compartment contains 95% of lead in the body?

Back 35

Mineralizing tissues (Bones and teeth)

Front 36

Lead goes wherever ____ goes?

Back 36

Calcium

Front 37

Neurobehavioral problems, disruptive classroom behavior and social interaction, speech and hearing impediments are signs of what heavy metal poisoning in children?

Back 37

Lead

Front 38

Lead is most harmful to children under what age?

Back 38

6 years old

Front 39

The best screening method for lead poisoning is to measure:

Back 39

Blood lead levels

Front 40

Asymptomatic patients with <25 micrograms/dL of blood lead requires what kind of treatment?

Back 40

Removal from source of contamination

Front 41

In children with >45 microgram/dL of blood lead requires what?

Back 41

Chelation

Front 42

Blue-black lead lines may appear where with severe toxicity?

Back 42

Gingival tissue and in bones

Front 43

Lead levels >70 is what?

Back 43

Medical emergency

Front 44

Lead levels >70 warrants what kind of action?

Back 44

Immediate chelation therapy

Front 45

Name two common lead chelating agents?

Back 45

CaNa2(EDTA) and DMSA

Front 46

Which chelating agent substitutes the Ca for Pb?

Back 46

EDTA

Front 47

EDTA or DMSA is given IV?

Back 47

EDTA

Front 48

EDTA or DMSA is given oral?

Back 48

DMSA

Front 49

EDTA or DMSA has an sulfa allergy potential?

Back 49

DMSA

Front 50

What heavy metal is found naturally and from pollution?

Back 50

Mercury

Front 51

How many forms does mercury have?

Back 51

Three forms

Front 52

What are the three forms of mercury?

Back 52

Elemental, inorganic, organic

Front 53

What form is quicksilver?

Back 53

Elemental mercury

Front 54

What is the #1 cause of environmental pollution mercury?

Back 54

Burning fossil fuels: Coal

Front 55

What heavy metal is found in latex paint before 1990?

Back 55

Mercury

Front 56

What heavy metal is used as preservative in eye drops and nasal sprays?

Back 56

Mercury

Front 57

What heavy metal can be methylated in environment?

Back 57

Mercury

Front 58

Which population is at greatest risk of mercury toxicity?

Back 58

Children and fetuses

Front 59

Children are attracted to elemental mercury T/F?

Back 59

True

Front 60

Mercury vapor is dangerous because it is low/high to the floor?

Back 60

Low to the floor (Children play on the ground)

Front 61

Consuming fish can expose to what heavy metal?

Back 61

Mercury

Front 62

What are the two main targets of mercury toxicity?

Back 62

CNS and kidneys

Front 63

Mercury bind to what chemical groups?

Back 63

Sulfhydryl (SH) groups

Front 64

Quicksilver is well absorbed through what route?

Back 64

Inhalation

Front 65

Quicksilver has its toxic effects where?

Back 65

CNS

Front 66

Mercury salts (HgCl2) has its toxic effects where?

Back 66

Kidney

Front 67

Mercury salts does/does not cross the BBB?

Back 67

Does not cross the blood brain barrier

Front 68

Methyl mercury (MeHg) enters the body by what route of administration?

Back 68

All routes!

Front 69

Methyl mercury is readily absorbed 90% by inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion T/F?

Back 69

True

Front 70

Methyl mercury has toxic effects on CNS, Kidneys, or both?

Back 70

Both

Front 71

Mercury CNS toxcity induced brain injury is reversible or irreversible?

Back 71

Irreversible

Front 72

What two forms of Hg can cause developmental effects?

Back 72

Elemental quicksilver and MeHg

Front 73

What heavy metal was implicated in the Minamata Bay, Japan case?

Back 73

Mercury

Front 74

What heavy metal is implicated in Mad Hatter's Disease?

Back 74

Hg Mercury

Front 75

Hatters used what heavy metal to make felt hats?

Back 75

Mercury

Front 76

To turn cheaper furs into usable material involved brushing them what a solution of what heavy metal?

Back 76

Mercury

Front 77

Name three biologic locations where mercury can be found:

Back 77

1. blood
2. urine
3. hair

Front 78

Half life in blood of mercury is:

Back 78

3 days - good only for acute exposure

Front 79

What 24 hour urine levels of mercury is normal?

Back 79

< 20 microgram/dL

Front 80

At levels 20-100 of mercury begin to see subtle changes T/F?

Back 80

True

Front 81

Irritability, depression, memory loss, minor tremor, disturbed kidney function is seen at what level of urinary mercury?

Back 81

20-100

Front 82

Kidney inflammation, swollen gums, significant tremor and nervous system disturbances is seen at what level of urinary mercury?

Back 82

500-1000

Front 83

FDA recommends do not eat what four fish?

Back 83

Shark, swordfish, king mackerel, tilefish

Front 84

Shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish all contain high levels of what heavy metal?

Back 84

Mercury

Front 85

Up to 12 oz (2 meals) per week of fish is recommended for what two populations?

Back 85

Pregnant women and children

Front 86

What is the treatment for inorganic mercury compounds? (Hg salts)

Back 86

Chelation that contains sulfhydryl groups

Front 87

Chelation is indicated/contraindicated in methyl mercury poisoning?

Back 87

Contraindicated b/c it increases MeHg in the brain

Front 88

What is the treatment for organic MeHg poisoning?

Back 88

No antidote

Front 89

What is the treatment for elemental quicksilver mercury?

Back 89

Chelation may be necessary

Front 90

Toxicity of arsenic is dependent on chemical type T/F?

Back 90

True

Front 91

Is the organic or inorganic form of arsenic more toxic?

Back 91

Inorganic arsenic

Front 92

Toxicity of arsenic is dependent on chemical type T/F?

Back 92

True

Front 93

Is the trivalent or tetravalent form of arsenic more toxic?

Back 93

The trivalent

Front 94

Is the organic or inorganic form of arsenic more toxic?

Back 94

Inorganic arsenic

Front 95

What heavy metal can be found in wood preservatives?

Back 95

Arsenic (Copper chromium arsenic)

Front 96

Is the trivalent or tetravalent form of arsenic more toxic?

Back 96

The trivalent

Front 97

Toxicity of arsenic is dependent on chemical type T/F?

Back 97

True

Front 98

What heavy metal can be found in wine and tobacco (Pesticide spray)?

Back 98

Arsenic

Front 99

What heavy metal can be found in wood preservatives?

Back 99

Arsenic (Copper chromium arsenic)

Front 100

What heavy metal was used to treat syphilis until 1940?

Back 100

Arsenic

Front 101

Is the organic or inorganic form of arsenic more toxic?

Back 101

Inorganic arsenic

Front 102

What heavy metal can be found in wine and tobacco (Pesticide spray)?

Back 102

Arsenic

Front 103

What heavy metal was used as an antiparasitic in animals?

Back 103

Arsenic

Front 104

What heavy metal was used to treat syphilis until 1940?

Back 104

Arsenic

Front 105

Is the trivalent or tetravalent form of arsenic more toxic?

Back 105

The trivalent

Front 106

What heavy metal was used as an antiparasitic in animals?

Back 106

Arsenic

Front 107

Where in the environment is arsenic commonly found?

Back 107

In contaminated water

Front 108

What heavy metal can be found in wood preservatives?

Back 108

Arsenic (Copper chromium arsenic)

Front 109

Where in the environment is arsenic commonly found?

Back 109

In contaminated water

Front 110

What are two main routes of arsenic entering the body?

Back 110

1. Ingestion
2. Inhalation

Front 111

What heavy metal can be found in wine and tobacco (Pesticide spray)?

Back 111

Arsenic

Front 112

What route of arsenic entrance is 60-90% absorbed?

Back 112

Ingested arsenic

Front 113

What heavy metal was used to treat syphilis until 1940?

Back 113

Arsenic

Front 114

What are two main routes of arsenic entering the body?

Back 114

1. Ingestion
2. Inhalation

Front 115

What heavy metal was used as an antiparasitic in animals?

Back 115

Arsenic

Front 116

What route of arsenic entrance is 60-90% absorbed?

Back 116

Ingested arsenic

Front 117

Where in the environment is arsenic commonly found?

Back 117

In contaminated water

Front 118

Toxicity of arsenic is dependent on chemical type T/F?

Back 118

True

Front 119

What are two main routes of arsenic entering the body?

Back 119

1. Ingestion
2. Inhalation

Front 120

What route of arsenic entrance is 60-90% absorbed?

Back 120

Ingested arsenic

Front 121

Is the organic or inorganic form of arsenic more toxic?

Back 121

Inorganic arsenic

Front 122

Is the trivalent or tetravalent form of arsenic more toxic?

Back 122

The trivalent

Front 123

What heavy metal can be found in wood preservatives?

Back 123

Arsenic (Copper chromium arsenic)

Front 124

What heavy metal can be found in wine and tobacco (Pesticide spray)?

Back 124

Arsenic

Front 125

What heavy metal was used to treat syphilis until 1940?

Back 125

Arsenic

Front 126

What heavy metal was used as an antiparasitic in animals?

Back 126

Arsenic

Front 127

Where in the environment is arsenic commonly found?

Back 127

In contaminated water

Front 128

What are two main routes of arsenic entering the body?

Back 128

1. Ingestion
2. Inhalation

Front 129

What route of arsenic entrance is 60-90% absorbed?

Back 129

Ingested arsenic

Front 130

Toxicity of arsenic is dependent on chemical type T/F?

Back 130

True

Front 131

Is the organic or inorganic form of arsenic more toxic?

Back 131

Inorganic arsenic

Front 132

Is the trivalent or tetravalent form of arsenic more toxic?

Back 132

The trivalent

Front 133

What heavy metal can be found in wood preservatives?

Back 133

Arsenic (Copper chromium arsenic)

Front 134

What heavy metal can be found in wine and tobacco (Pesticide spray)?

Back 134

Arsenic

Front 135

What heavy metal was used to treat syphilis until 1940?

Back 135

Arsenic

Front 136

What heavy metal was used as an antiparasitic in animals?

Back 136

Arsenic

Front 137

Where in the environment is arsenic commonly found?

Back 137

In contaminated water

Front 138

What are two main routes of arsenic entering the body?

Back 138

1. Ingestion
2. Inhalation

Front 139

What route of arsenic entrance is 60-90% absorbed?

Back 139

Ingested arsenic

Front 140

Can arsenic cross the placenta?

Back 140

Yes it can cross the placenta

Front 141

Arsenic once absorbed is rapidly cleared except for three places:

Back 141

1. skin
2. hair
3. nails

Front 142

Methylation of arsenic changes it to a more toxic/less toxic form?

Back 142

Less toxic form

Front 143

Arsenic is excretd in urine within a few days/weeks/months of exposure?

Back 143

Within a few days

Front 144

Arsenic targets what organic molecular group?

Back 144

-SH

Front 145

Because arsenic targets SH groups, it affects protein and enzyme reactions T/F?

Back 145

True

Front 146

Arsenic affects certain/all organ systems?

Back 146

All organ systems

Front 147

There is a strong association with what heavy metal and lung/skin cancer in humans with chronic exposure?

Back 147

Arsenic

Front 148

Acute GI effects are seen primarily after ingestion of what heavy metal?

Back 148

Arsenic

Front 149

Vasodilation, cardiomyopathy, ventricular tachycardia, and hypovolemic shock are all CV consequences to what heavy metal?

Back 149

Arsenic

Front 150

"Blackfoot disease" can be caused by what heavy metal chronic exposure?

Back 150

Arsenic

Front 151

Peripheral vascular insufficiency is a chronic complication of what heavy metal exposure?

Back 151

Arsenic

Front 152

Arsenic can cause neurologic effects T/F?

Back 152

True

Front 153

Hearing loss, mental retardation, and epilepsy are all neurologic manifestations of arsenic poisoning in what population?

Back 153

Children

Front 154

Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication with what heavy metal toxicity?

Back 154

Arsenic

Front 155

What heavy metal can cause destructino of axons and cause weakness and paralysis?

Back 155

Arsenic

Front 156

Recovery from arsenic toxicity is slow and complete/not complete?

Back 156

Not complete

Front 157

Arsenic can/cannot have dermal effects?

Back 157

Can have dermal effects

Front 158

What is the amount of arsenic needed to be in water to cause dermal effects?

Back 158

>400ppb

Front 159

Patchy hyperpigmentation is a dermal manifestation of what heavy metal toxicity?

Back 159

Arsenic

Front 160

"Raindrops on a dusty road" describes dark brown patches with scattered pale spots after exposure to what heavy metal?

Back 160

Arsenic

Front 161

30-40 years of arsenic exposure by ingestion can cause what?

Back 161

Skin cancer

Front 162

Hyperkeratosis can be seen with chronic exposure to what heavy metal?

Back 162

Arsenic

Front 163

Can arsenic cause respiratory effects?

Back 163

Yes it can

Front 164

Smelters exposed to arsenic has seen a rise in what cancer?

Back 164

Lung cancer

Front 165

Is smoking a cofactor in respiratory effects of arsenic?

Back 165

No, not like mesothelioma

Front 166

50-300 mg is the lethal dose of what heavy metal?

Back 166

Arsenic

Front 167

Delayed appearance of Mees lines is diagnostic of what heavy metal toxicity?

Back 167

Arsenic

Front 168

What is the best way to directly measure arsenic level?

Back 168

24 hour urinary arsenic measurement

Front 169

Dietary history 48 hours prior is important for what heavy metal toxicity?

Back 169

Arsenic

Front 170

What kind of food contains arsenobetaine or arsenochlorine?

Back 170

Fish and seafood

Front 171

What are two treatments used to treat acute arsenic toxicity?

Back 171

Gastric lavage and chelation with DMSA

Front 172

What are two treatments for chronic arsenic toxicity?

Back 172

Removal from exposure, NO chelation

Front 173

Paul Erlich was the founder of what?

Back 173

Modern chemotherapy

Front 174

Who developed the concept of "selective toxicity?"

Back 174

Paul Erlich

Front 175

Where is arsenic commonly found in our everyday lives?

Back 175

Drinking water

Front 176

Hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation, Blackfoot disease, and Skin lesions are manifestations of what heavy metal toxicity?

Back 176

Arsenic

Front 177

Organochlorine pesticides are what generation?

Back 177

2nd generation

Front 178

Organochlorine pesticides are/are not environmentally persistant

Back 178

Are environmentally persistant

Front 179

Name an organochlorine that is not banned:

Back 179

Lindane

Front 180

DDT does/does not exhibit bioaccumulation?

Back 180

Does bioaccumulate

Front 181

What organochlorine acts on the CNS by interfering with ion movement through neuronal membranes?

Back 181

DDT

Front 182

There are at least ____ mechanisms by which DDT affects ion movement.

Back 182

Four

Front 183

What organochlorine delays the closing of the sodium ion channel and prevents the full opening of potassium gates?

Back 183

DDT

Front 184

What organochlorine has been shown to target a specific neuronal ATPase?

Back 184

DDT

Front 185

That pesticide acts as a "wedge" held in place by lipophilic interactions with membrane lipoproteins.

Back 185

DDT

Front 186

What keeps Na+ gate somewhat open or leaky so that membrane resting potential can't be restored.

Back 186

DDT

Front 187

Repeated discharge causes train of spikes that can lead to tetanus or DDT jitters. Caused by what pesticide?

Back 187

DDT

Front 188

What class of insecticides are currently prominent use?

Back 188

Organophosphate and carbamate

Front 189

Organophoshate and carbamates are ____ generation?

Back 189

Second

Front 190

What is also used as chemical warfare agents?

Back 190

Organophosphate

Front 191

Organochlorine or organophosphates degrade rapidly in environment?

Back 191

Organophosphate

Front 192

Organochlorine or organophosphates have less bioaccumulation?

Back 192

Organophosphate

Front 193

Organochlorine or organophosphates have less chronic effects?

Back 193

Organophosphate

Front 194

Organochlorine or organophosphates have greater potential for human toxicity?

Back 194

Organophosphate

Front 195

Organochlorine or organophosphates have greater potential for insect resistance?

Back 195

Organophosphate

Front 196

What insecticide combines with and inhibits AchE?

Back 196

Organophosphate

Front 197

Initially the bond between organophosphate and AchE is reversible or irreversible?

Back 197

Initially reversible, but rapid aging

Front 198

Can the initially reversible bond between organophosphate and AchE become irreversible, if so what is this called?

Back 198

Yes, aging

Front 199

How long before aging occurs with organophosphates?

Back 199

8-24 hours

Front 200

De novo synthesis of AchE takes how long to occur? (Important after organophosphate aging occurs)

Back 200

2 weeks

Front 201

AchE inhibition with organophosphates causes what kind of effects at neuromuscular junctions?

Back 201

Muscarinic effects

Front 202

What AchE inhibitor causes muscarinic, nicotinic, and CNS effects?

Back 202

Organophosphates

Front 203

What AchE inhibitor causes predominately muscarinic effects?

Back 203

Carbamates

Front 204

Do carbamates exhibit the phenomenon of aging?

Back 204

No they do not

Front 205

Dealkylation of compound between organophosphate and AchE is called what?

Back 205

Aging

Front 206

Why must rapid antidote for organophosphate poisoning be initiated?

Back 206

Aging and irreversible enzyme inhibition (AchE) can occur

Front 207

OPIDN stands for:

Back 207

Organophosphate induced delayed neuropathy

Front 208

How does OPIDN present?

Back 208

Motor disorder

Front 209

OPIDN can mimic what disease?

Back 209

Guillain barre

Front 210

Cholinesterase activity is a direct/indirect indicator of organophosphate toxicity?

Back 210

Indirect indicator

Front 211

RBC cholinesterase activity is true or pseudo?

Back 211

True

Front 212

Plasma/serum cholinesterase activity is true or pseudo?

Back 212

Pseudocholinesterase

Front 213

Cholinesterase activity is determined by RBC, plasma/serum, or both?

Back 213

Both

Front 214

Plasma cholinesterase is more/less labile than RBC cholinesterase?

Back 214

More labile

Front 215

Plasma or RBC cholinesterase is more rapidly inactivated by organophosphate?

Back 215

Plasma cholinesterase

Front 216

Which cholinesterase is produced in the liver - plasma or RBC?

Back 216

Plasma cholinesterase

Front 217

Which cholinesterase regenerates more quickly? RBC or plasma?

Back 217

Plasma cholinesterase

Front 218

Metabolites are direct biologic indicators of organophosphate poisoning. How long are they detectable in urine?

Back 218

Up to 48 hours

Front 219

Name a natural insecticide:

Back 219

Pyrethrin

Front 220

Pyrethrin is found in what plant?

Back 220

Crysanthemum

Front 221

Insects cannot detoxify what natural compound

Back 221

Pyrethrin

Front 222

What insecticide (natural) inhibits Ca/Mg ATPase and prevents calcium removal?

Back 222

Pyrethrin

Front 223

Prevention of calcium removal interferes with neuronal function - mechanism of action of what natural insectide?

Back 223

Pyrethrin

Front 224

Name a natural contact insecticide:

Back 224

Nicotine

Front 225

Nicotine is extremely toxic as a contact insecticide T/F?

Back 225

True

Front 226

What natural insecticide mimics the action of Ach and causes muscular fasciculations, convulsions, blockade of synapses, and eventually death?

Back 226

Nicotine

Front 227

What are chlorophenoxy compounds used for?

Back 227

Herbicide

Front 228

What toxin mimics plant auxins that stimulate growth?

Back 228

Chlorophenoxy compounds

Front 229

Do chlorophenoxy compounds have any hormonal effect on humans?

Back 229

No

Front 230

2,4 D and 2,4,5 T are what?

Back 230

Chlorophenoxy herbicides

Front 231

2,4, D or 2,4,5 T causes malformations and developmental effects?

Back 231

2,4,5 T

Front 232

2,4, D or 2,4,5 T has little to no mammlian toxicity?

Back 232

2,4 D

Front 233

2,4, D or 2,4,5 T was used in Vietnam war to defoliate?

Back 233

2,4 D

Front 234

Dioxin is also known as:

Back 234

Agent Orange

Front 235

Paraquat is a what?

Back 235

Herbicide

Front 236

What herbicide has been used for suicide attempts?

Back 236

Paraquat and diquat

Front 237

Name two bipyridyl compounds that are used as herbicides:

Back 237

Paraquat and diquat

Front 238

Toxicity with paraquat and diquat occur via inhalation or ingestion?

Back 238

Ingestion

Front 239

Ingestion of paraquat/diquat can cause pulmonary edema, renal and liver failure, T/F?

Back 239

true

Front 240

If survive poisoning by paraquat/diquat, what pulmonary effect can occur?

Back 240

Pulmonary fibrosis

Front 241

Pulmonary fibrosis is fatal how many days after exposure

Back 241

2-14 days

Front 242

Ingestion of paraquat/diquat can cause release of free radicals. This leads to what action on lipids?

Back 242

Lipid peroxidation

Front 243

Paraquat use is highest in which part of US?

Back 243

Midwest - agricultural areas

Front 244

Name two botanical rodenticides:

Back 244

1. Red squill
2. Strychnine

Front 245

Red squill or strychnine affects the heart?

Back 245

Red squill

Front 246

Red squill or strychnine blocks glycine receptors in spinal cord?

Back 246

Strychnine

Front 247

Red squill or strychnine causes convulsions?

Back 247

Strychnine

Front 248

Name three inorganic rodenticides:

Back 248

1. Phosphorus
2. Thallium
3. Zinc phosphide

Front 249

Phosphorus, thallium, or zinc phosphide causes GI tract problems?

Back 249

Phosphorus and Zinc phosphide

Front 250

Phosphorus, thallium, or zinc phosphide causes hair loss?

Back 250

Thallium

Front 251

Name two anticoagulant rodenticides:

Back 251

1. Warfarin
2. Vacor

Front 252

What depresses vitamin K synthesis?

Back 252

Anticoagulants

Front 253

Coumadin rodenticides causes what?

Back 253

Bleeding

Front 254

Thallium sulphate ingestion can cause what effects on lungs and heart?

Back 254

Respiratory paralysis and CV failure

Front 255

Is there treatment available for thallium poisoning?

Back 255

No

Front 256

Hexchlorobenzene is what kind of toxic compound?

Back 256

Fungicide

Front 257

Pentachlorophenol is what kind of toxic compound?

Back 257

Fungicide

Front 258

Dithiocarbamate is what kind of toxic compound?

Back 258

Fungicide

Front 259

What causes more accidental poisonings in US than any other chemical substance?

Back 259

Carbon monoxide

Front 260

What can be generated from car left running in garage or clogged chimney?

Back 260

Carbon monoxide

Front 261

What can be generated from a fireplace or cracked furnace exchange?

Back 261

Carbon monoxide

Front 262

What combines with carboxyhemoglobin instead of oxygen?

Back 262

Carbon monoxide

Front 263

COHb bond is how many times stronger than that of O2?

Back 263

200X

Front 264

Why is it difficult to eliminate CO?

Back 264

Strong COHb bond

Front 265

As CO level in your blood increases, the amount of oxygen transported to cell increases/decreases?

Back 265

Decreases

Front 266

COHb level in smokers is usually ____ %?

Back 266

5-10%, can be as high as 15%

Front 267

COHb level in smokers may be as high as ____%

Back 267

15%

Front 268

What is the treatment of CO poisoning at sea level?

Back 268

100% O2

Front 269

At 3atm what is the treatment for CO poisoning?

Back 269

50% O2

Front 270

Rebound in serum carboxyhemoglobin may occur after treatment T/F?

Back 270

True

Front 271

Release of CO from myoglobin after treatment of CO poisoning results in?

Back 271

Rebound in serum carboxy hemoglobin levels

Front 272

Myoglobin also has a high affinity for CO T/F?

Back 272

True

Front 273

At 0.2-0.24 %BAC, what is the ratio of auto crash?

Back 273

24x

Front 274

When do most alcohol-related auto crashes occur?

Back 274

Midnight through 6am

Front 275

What is the measure of alcoholic content?

Back 275

Proof

Front 276

100 proof is how many % ethanol?

Back 276

50%

Front 277

Where is most ethanol absorbed?

Back 277

Upper intestine (80%)

Front 278

How much % does the stomach absorb alcohol?

Back 278

20%

Front 279

If the stomach is tied off approximately how many % of ingested alcohol is absorbed?

Back 279

75%

Front 280

The upper intestine absorbs how much % of alcohol ingested?

Back 280

80%

Front 281

Food in stomach delays/acclerates absorption of alcohol?

Back 281

Delays

Front 282

Loss of judgment and self control, impairment of vision/hearing, clumsiness of voluntary muscles, and decreased awareness of surroundings are four primary effects of:

Back 282

Alcohol intoxication

Front 283

Increased ability to alter behavior in order to not appear intoxicated is what kind of tolerance?

Back 283

Psychological

Front 284

Increased rate of degradatin of alcohol to inactive metabolites is what kind of tolerance?

Back 284

Biochemical

Front 285

What is the Indiana legal limit for operating a motor vehicle?

Back 285

0.05

Front 286

Is alcohol evenly distributed in body water?

Back 286

Yes it is

Front 287

Those tissues with highest/lowest water content will have the highest alcohol distribution when complete?

Back 287

Highest

Front 288

What law describes alcohol's distribution between blood and breath from deepest part of lungs?

Back 288

Henry's Law

Front 289

What is the ratio between concentration of alcohol in glood and that of alveolar air?

Back 289

2100:1

Front 290

Breath alcohol analysis by IR (infrared absorption) is acceptable for evidentiary use T/F?

Back 290

True

Front 291

Portable breath test is okay for evidentiary use?

Back 291

Not Okay

Front 292

Name three stimulants commonly abused:

Back 292

Amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Cocaine

Front 293

What drug of abuse accelerates heart rate, respiration, and elevates BP?

Back 293

Stimulants

Front 294

What is the time of onset of cocaine?

Back 294

15-30 seconds

Front 295

What is the time of onset of amphetamines?

Back 295

30-40 minutes

Front 296

What is the duration of action of cocaine?

Back 296

60-90 minutes

Front 297

What is the duration of action of amphetamines

Back 297

2-4 hours

Front 298

How long is cocaine detectable in urine?

Back 298

2-4 days

Front 299

How long is amphetmines detectable in urine?

Back 299

1-2 days

Front 300

How long is cocaine detectable in blood?

Back 300

4-8 hours

Front 301

How long is amphetamines detectable in blood?

Back 301

6-12 hours

Front 302

Name two methods of making methamphetamine:

Back 302

1. Red phosphorus
2. Nazi method

Front 303

Nazi method uses what instead of hydriodic acid to make methamphetamine?

Back 303

Ammonia

Front 304

What causes hallucinations and altered perceptions?

Back 304

Hallucinogens

Front 305

Mescaline, psilocybin, peyote, and LSD are all what kind of drugs of abuse?

Back 305

Hallucinogens

Front 306

What drug of abuse impairs attention and ability to perform divided attention tasks?

Back 306

Marijuana

Front 307

THC is known as:

Back 307

Marijuana

Front 308

Bloodshot eyes, memory loss, loss of inhibition, and limited divided attention are all signs and symptoms of

Back 308

Marijuana use

Front 309

What drug of abuse can cause psychoactive effects by blocking oxygen to the brain?

Back 309

Inhalants

Front 310

toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, TCE, nitrous oxide, ether, chloroform, gasoline (glue, poppers, kick) are all what kinds of drugs of abuse?

Back 310

Inhalants

Front 311

Are inhalants detectable in urine?

Back 311

No, very volatile

Front 312

What drugs of abuse causes relief from pain?

Back 312

Narcotic analgesics

Front 313

What drug of abuse causes withdrawal symptoms?

Back 313

Narcotic analgesics

Front 314

What drug of abuse suppresses withdrawal signs of chronic morphine use?

Back 314

Narcotic analgesics

Front 315

Opitaes (morphine, codeine, heroin) and methadone are all what kind of drugs of abuse?

Back 315

Narcotic analgesics

Front 316

Droopy eyelids, dry mouth, depressed reflexes, euphoria, nausea, sedation, and respiratory depression all indicate what drug abuse?

Back 316

Narcotic analgesics

Front 317

What drugs are used for the treatment of anxiety, pain, and sleep disorders?

Back 317

CNS depressants

Front 318

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are what class of drugs?

Back 318

CNS depressants