Pharm Exam 3: Insulin And Anti-Diabetic Drugs

Front 1

What kind of drug is diazoxide?

Back 1

Hyperglycemic

Front 2

What is the mechanism of action of diazoxide?

Back 2

Inhibit insulin release

Front 3

What drug has the opposite effect of sulfonylurea?

Back 3

Diazoxide

Front 4

What drug is an oral agent for hypoglycemia of various causes including insulinoma?

Back 4

Diazoxide

Front 5

What kind of drug is glucagon?

Back 5

Hyperglycemic

Front 6

What is the mechanism of action of glucagon?

Back 6

Binds GPCR in liver - stimulates gluconeogenesis

Front 7

What hormone/drug has opposite effects of insulin?

Back 7

Glucagon

Front 8

What drug/hormone is indicated for rescue from hypoglycemic crisis?

Back 8

Glucagon

Front 9

What cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon?

Back 9

Alpha cells of pancreatic islets

Front 10

Name an oral hypoglycemic, category: incretin mimetic:

Back 10

Exenatide

Front 11

What kind of drug is exenatide?

Back 11

Incretin mimetic

Front 12

What drug is an agonist of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP1)? found in the gut?

Back 12

Exenatide

Front 13

Where does exenatide act?

Back 13

In the gut

Front 14

When intracellular Ca concentration is increased, does this increase/decrease insulin secretion?

Back 14

Increase insulin secretion

Front 15

Does exenatide reduce appetite

Back 15

Yes

Front 16

What is the main worry when exenatide is given with sulfonylurea?

Back 16

Hypoglycemia

Front 17

Name 2 thiazolidinediones:

Back 17

Rosiglitazone
Pioglitazone

Front 18

What thiazolidinedione has a plasma half-life of 3-4 hours?

Back 18

Rosiglitazone

Front 19

What thiazolidinedione is extensively (99.8%) bound to albumin?

Back 19

Rosiglitazone

Front 20

Thiazolidinediones should/should not be given to patient who experienced jaundice with Troglitazone?

Back 20

Should not. Avoid in patients with compromised liver function

Front 21

Pioglitazone should/should not be iven to patient who experienced jaundice on Troglitazone?

Back 21

Should not.

Front 22

What is the mechanism of thiazolidinediones (Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone)

Back 22

Increase target tissue insulin sensitivity

Front 23

What drug class is the mechanism of action to increase target tissue insulin sensitivity?

Back 23

Thiazolidinediones

Front 24

If a patient cannot tolerate metformin, what drug class can be given instead?

Back 24

Thiazolidinediones

Front 25

Name an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor:

Back 25

Acarbose

Front 26

Acarbose is what kind of drug

Back 26

alpha-glucosidasae inhibitor

Front 27

What drug prolongs the digestion of carbs and reduces peak plasma glucose levels?

Back 27

Acarbose

Front 28

Which oral hypoglycemic has reduced risk of postprandial hyperglycemia?

Back 28

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Acarbose

Front 29

For what drug is ADR flatulence?

Back 29

Acarbose

Front 30

What oral hypoglycemic is contraindicated in patients with colonic ulcers and IBD?

Back 30

Acarbose

Front 31

Repaglinide is what kind of oral hypoglycemic?

Back 31

Meglitinide

Front 32

Nateglinide is what kind of oral hypoglycemic?

Back 32

Meglitinide

Front 33

What is the mechanism of action of metiglinides (Repaglinide and Nateglinide)

Back 33

Insulin secretagogue

Front 34

Where do metiglinides bind to?

Back 34

ATP-dependent K channel in beta cells
Promote closure of K channels and stimulate insulin release

Front 35

Name the oral hypoglycemic agent of choice to treat DMII?

Back 35

Metformin

Front 36

Metformin is what kind of oral hypoglycemic?

Back 36

Biguanine

Front 37

What drug inhibits hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis?

Back 37

Metformin

Front 38

Metformin also stimulates glucose uptake and glycolysis in peripheral tissues T/F?

Back 38

True

Front 39

Does metformin increase insulin sensitivity?

Back 39

Yes it does

Front 40

Does metformin cause hypoglycemia?

Back 40

No it does not cause hypoglycemia

Front 41

What is the main adverse reaction with sulfonylurea?

Back 41

Hypoglycemia

Front 42

Can sulfonylureas cause weight gain?

Back 42

Yes it can

Front 43

What is the most appropriate oral hypoglycemic for non-obese DMII patients?

Back 43

Sulfonylureas

Front 44

Chlorpropramide is what kind of oral hypoglycemic?

Back 44

Sulfonylurea

Front 45

Glipizide is what kind of oral hypoglycemic?

Back 45

Sulfonylurea

Front 46

Name a 1st generation sulfonylurea:

Back 46

Chlorpropramide

Front 47

Name a 2nd generation sulfonylurea:

Back 47

Glipizide

Front 48

What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylurea?

Back 48

Insuline secretagogue
Bind to ATP dependent K channel in beta cells
Promotes closure of K channel

Front 49

1st or 2nd generation sulfonylureas are more potent?

Back 49

2nd generation (Glipizide)

Front 50

What kind of therapy is used to treat DMII (Mono or Combination therapy?)

Back 50

Combination therapy

Front 51

What lifestyle changes are recommended for treatment of DMII?

Back 51

Dietary and weight control

Front 52

What is the most serious side effect of insulin?

Back 52

Hypoglycemia

Front 53

Impaired neurological function is a clinical manifestation of what condition?

Back 53

Hypoglycemia

Front 54

Glucose tablet, candy, glucose IM, glucagon IM are all remedies for what condition?

Back 54

Hypoglycemia

Front 55

What can accumulate at site of injections?

Back 55

Fat accumulation

Front 56

Insulin sensitizers can be combined with what (name 2) for combination therapy?

Back 56

+ insulin
+ insuline secretagogue

Front 57

What two sensitizers have different mechanisms but are combined for therapy?

Back 57

TZD and metformin

Front 58

Name an ultra rapid acting insulin?

Back 58

Lispro

Front 59

When should Lispro be taken?

Back 59

15 minutes before a meal

Front 60

Name a short acting insulin preparation:

Back 60

Regular insulin

Front 61

What is the onset of regular insulin?

Back 61

30-60 min

Front 62

What insulin contains zinc insulin crystals?

Back 62

Regular insulin

Front 63

Name 2 intermediate acting insulin:

Back 63

NPH
Lente

Front 64

NPH can only be administered how?

Back 64

Subcutaneously

Front 65

What insulin contains protamine zinc?

Back 65

NPH

Front 66

What insulin contains acetate buffer?

Back 66

Lente

Front 67

What insulin (2) are long acting?

Back 67

Ultralente
Glargine

Front 68

Intermediate acting insulin is preferably combined with what two other types?

Back 68

Combine with rapid and regular insulin

Front 69

What insulin preparation has peakless basal insulin level?

Back 69

Glargine

Front 70

What insulin is preferred for bedtime?

Back 70

Glargine

Front 71

Endogenous insulin associates as what?

Back 71

Hexamers

Front 72

Are DMI patients responsive to oral hypoglycemics?

Back 72

No

Front 73

What is the rate limiting step for capillary absorption of insulin?

Back 73

Subcutaneous dissociation into dimers and then into monomers

Front 74

Alterations in rate of insulin hexamer dissociation result in differences in what two parameters?

Back 74

Peak
Duration of action

Front 75

Insulin enters the cell through what receptor?

Back 75

Glut2

Front 76

Depolarizing or nondepolarizing cell opens VG Ca channel?

Back 76

Depolarizing cell

Front 77

What is the type of insulin receptor?

Back 77

Tyrosine kinase

Front 78

Insulin signaling occurs through what pathway?

Back 78

MAP kinase signaling pathway

Front 79

Increased ATP leads to closure of ATP dependent K channel results in what

Back 79

Depolarization of VG Ca channels

Front 80

What stimulates fusion of insulin containing vesicles to plasma membrane and subsequent exocytosis?

Back 80

Increase in intracellular Ca