Pharm Exam 3, 2014

Front 1

The ways to pass resistance from one bacteria to another

Back 1

Transduction, transformation, conjugation

Front 2

Via : Plasmid DNA in phage

Back 2

Transduction

Front 3

Via: naked DNA

Back 3

Transformation

Front 4

Via: direct contact

Back 4

Conjugation

Front 5

Absence of target, alterations in target, insufficient concentrations of drug at target, lack of metabolic activation, drug inactivation, escape from drug effects

Back 5

Mechanisms of drug resistance

Front 6

Very common mechanism of drug resistance

Back 6

Drug inactivation

Front 7

Class of drug that has the mechanism of drug resistance of : escape from drug effects

Back 7

Sulfonamides

Front 8

Cell wall is also called:

Back 8

Peptidoglycan

Front 9

Gram _____ have another membrane to prevent PCN entrance

Back 9

Negative (outer membrane)

Front 10

The very young or very old have an _______ or _____ ability to AMDE drugs

Back 10

Under developed or compromised

Front 11

Koch's first postulate: the microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms ______ , but not in healthy organisms

Back 11

Suffering from the disease

Front 12

Koch's second postulate: the microorganism must be isolated from a _____ and grown in pure culture

Back 12

Diseased organism

Front 13

Koch's third postulate: the cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a _____

Back 13

Healthy organism

Front 14

Koch's fourth postulate: the microorganism must be _____ from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent

Back 14

Reisolated

Front 15

However, Koch abandoned the second part of the first postulate altogether when he discovered asymptomatic carriers of _____ and later _____

Back 15

Cholera; typhoid fever

Front 16

Asymptomatic carriers are now known to be a common feature of many infectious diseases, especially viruses such as:

Back 16

Polio, herpes simplex, HIV

Front 17

We are a _____, more bacterial cells in the body than mammalian cells

Back 17

Microbiome

Front 18

An agent applied to inanimate objects to destroy microorganisms--used in instrument sterilization for surgical procedures

Back 18

Disinfectant

Front 19

A preparation applied to living tissue to kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Used for all invasive procedures, simple injection, and major surgery

Back 19

Antiseptic

Front 20

Coagulation of proteins, destruction of normal membrane permeability, poisoning of enzyme systems

Back 20

Primary mechanisms of action of local anti infective agents

Front 21

Desirable properties of a local anti-infective: _____ and _____ lethal action (bacteriocidal rather than bacteriostatic)

Back 21

Rapid; sustained

Front 22

Desirable properties of a local anti-infective: ________ including spores, fungi, protozoa, and viruses

Back 22

Broad antimicrobial spectrum

Front 23

Desirable properties of a local anti-infective: high _____

Back 23

Potency

Front 24

Desirable properties of a local anti-infective: _______ in the presence of body fluids

Back 24

Retention of activity

Front 25

Desirable properties of a local anti-infective: high _____ (antiseptics)

Back 25

TI

Front 26

Desirable properties of a local anti-infective: _____ to instruments (disinfectants)

Back 26

Non-corrosive

Front 27

The first effective systemic chemotherapeutic agents

Back 27

Sulfonamides

Front 28

Sulfonamide structure:

Back 28

Sulfur attached to benzene ring; para NH2 (amino) group

Front 29

The _____ of the sulfa drugs can not be modified or the drug won't work

Back 29

Basic building block

Front 30

Sulfas are:

Back 30

Broad spectrum

Front 31

Affective against both gm + and gm - bacteria

Back 31

Broad spectrum