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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vasopressin MOA & indication |
a form of ADH Diabetes insipidus -MOA: enhances water reabsorption & causes renal collecting tubules to increase permeability to water |
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Vasopressin S/E, advantag, etc |
-advantage: short acting -angina and MI in CAD pts; water intoxification |
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Desmopressin MOA & indication |
Most common form of ADH (DDAVP) -Central diabetes insipidus -helps water reabsorption |
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Desmopressin S/E, etc |
-long duration (up to 20 hours PO) -nasal spray common route -water intoxification, drowsiness, HA, dehydration |
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Levothyroxine MOA & indication |
-thyroid hormone for Hypothyroidism -MOA: synthetic T4 that converts to T3 |
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Levothyroxine. Time until effective? considerations? |
-1-3 weeks, up to three months to monitor effectiveness -start slow, then increase every 4-6 weeks -pregnancy safe -monitor for thyroid storm -take in AM on empty stomach -taper down |
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Levothyroxine AE & interactions |
-hyperthyroidism, palpitations, dysrhythmias, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, menstrual irregularities -Questrin - lowers effectiveness of levothyroxine -warfarin - increases effect of warfarin |
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Propylthiouracil (PPU) MOA & indication
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-antithyroid drug for hyperthyroidism -prevents conversion of T4 to T3 |
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PPU A/E and considerations |
-6-12 weeks until effective, monitor 3-6 mos -short half-life, multiple times a day -depresses bone marrow, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, prone to infection, HTN, dysrhythmias, insomnia, agitation, anxiety |
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Glucocorticoid MOA & indications |
-adrenocorticoid hypofunction -supplements glucocorticoid depletion |
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glucocorticoid A/E |
-sodium and fluid retention, insomnia, anxiety, depression, HTN, tachycardia, PU disease, Cushing's syndrome, osteoporosis, hyperlipidemia, increased succeptibility to infection, myopathy |
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Nitrofurantoin indication |
- acute cystitis |
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pyridium |
-urinary analgesic -acute cystitis -orange-red urine |
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Pentosan |
-helps with bladder irritability in interstitial cystitis -can take months |
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polystylene sulfate |
-hyperkalemia in RF -binds K in gi tract for excretion -diarrhea se |
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Calcium carbonate |
-P binders for hyperphosphatemia for RF |
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calcium acetate |
-P binder for hyperphosphatemia for RF |
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sodium bicarbonate |
-IV for metabolic acidosis in RF |
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SE of diuretic therapy |
-orthostatic hypotension -dehydration -K and Na imbalance |
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Loops diuretics |
-"high ceiling" most effective -blocks reabsorption of Na and cl in Loop of Henle -Reduce edema -for acute renal failure -SE: blood dyscrasia, dysrhythmias, anemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia |
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Ethacrynic acid |
-loop diuretic for RF -ottotoxicity |
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Bumetinide |
-loop diuretic -40x more potent than furosemide -short duration of action |
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torsemide |
-loop diuretic for RF -longer half life -increased compliance |
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Chlorothiazide MOA & Indication |
-thiazide diuretic for HTN (RF) -block Na reabsorption and increase potassium and H2O excretion in distal tubule |
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Chlorothiazide SE and considerations |
-dehydration, hypotension, tachycardia, gout d/t hyperuricemia -digoxin and lithium toxicity -do not use in pregnancy -use sunscreen |
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Spironolactone MOA & indication |
-K sparing diuretic for RF -excretes sodium, keeps potassium by blocking aldosterone |
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spironolactone SE and considerations |
-hyperkalemia, dysrhythmia (K), confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, impotence, gynocomastia -lithium and digoxin toxicity -sunscreen |
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Mannitol |
-osmotic diuretic for cerebral edema |
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Acetazolamide |
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for RF |
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Lamivudine MOA & indication |
-antiviral: reverse transcriptase inhibitor/nucleoside analog for chronic Heb B and D -mimicks DNA virus to inhibit replication |
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trimethorprim/sulfamethoxazole |
-Antiviral for Heb B and D -increases concentration of lamivudine in body |
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Nitrate Isosorbide dinitrate |
-lowers portal pressure in varices in cirrhosis |
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Trimethorprim/Sulfamethoxazole SE & considerations |
-pancreatitis, liver fialure, metabolic disturbance (lactic acidosis), decrease in blood cells, peripheral neuropathy |
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Interferon Alpha |
-Antiviral for Heb B and D -stimulates body's immune system to clear the virus |
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Interferon Alpha SE & considerations |
-fatigue, fever/chills, loss of appetits, suppression of bone marrow and blood cell production -30-40% respond to 4 months of therapy |
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Peginterferon |
-antiviral combo with ribavarin for Hep C -similar to interferon alpha but helps maximiz results |
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Ribavarin |
-antiviral combo with peginterferon -nucleoside analog, similar to lamivudine |
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Lactulose |
-osmotic laxative for hepatic encephalopathy -decreases PH in colon so ammonia in blood will be absorbed in colon -gets rid of ammonia |
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Lactulose SE and considerations |
- gas, bloating, burping, stomach pain, nausea, cramps -excessive diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps/weakness, palpitations, seizures, dehydration -may affect glucose levels |
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neomycin |
-antibiotic for hepatic encephalopathy -block production of toxic compounds by the bacteria in the colon -affinity to GI |
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Metronidazole |
-antibiotic for hepatic encephalopathy-block production of toxic compounds by the bacteria in the colon-affinity to GI |
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Ursodiol |
-bile acid for cholelithiasis -decreases production of cholesterol and dissolves the cholesterol in bile and stone -dissolves gallstone |
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-Ursodiol AE & considerations |
-frequent urination or pain, cough with fever
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Promethazine |
-Phenothiazine for vomiting in pancreatitis -affects dopamine and CZT |
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Ondansetron |
-serotonin receptor antagonist for vomiting in pancreatitis-affects serotonin and CZT |
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Pancrealipase |
-Pancreatic-enzyme replacer for insufficient pancreatic function -contains lipase, protease, and amylase of pork origin and facilitates conversion of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids -converts dextrin to start -converts proteins to peptides "gets into GI tract and helps with absorption" |
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Pancrealipase AE and consideratons |
-GI s/e, hyperuricosuria -assess foods that stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions -assess pain and respiratory status -monitor nutritional and hydration status |
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Psyllium Mucilloid |
-bulk forming laxative -increase mass of stool in colon |
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Psyllium Mucilloid SE & considerations |
hydration, dont give if obstruction is suspected
-less cramping than stimulants -may cause obstruction in esophagus or intestine |
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Sodium Biphosphate |
-fleats enema for constipation -introduces large volumes of fluid into colon |
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Sodium biphosphate SE and considerations |
-cramps, diarrhea, hypermagnesemia (milk of mag) |
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Bisacodyl |
-stimulant laxative -stimulates peristalsis by altering fluid and electrolyte balance |
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Bisacodyl ae and considerations |
-fluid and electrolyte loss, cramping -very common |
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docusate |
-stool softener -incorporates water and fat into colon and realeases surface tension of stool |
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docusate se and considerations |
-no serious side effects, slight abdominal pain and cramping -very common |
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Lomotil |
-opiods for severe diarrhea -combo of diphenoxylate and atropine -decreases intestinal contraction and decreases transit time for bowel emptying fo more water can get back into circulation |
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Lomotil se and considerations |
-overdose: narcan -acts within 45 -60 min - |
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loperimide |
-OTC opioid for diarrhea -direct affect in terms of combating peristalsis in muscle wall of intestine |
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opioids for diarrhea se and consideration |
-paralytic ileus with toxic megacolon, sepsis |
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Bismuth salths |
-coating effect on GI tract to prevent irritation in order to slow diarrhea |
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Bismuth salths se and considerations |
-Reye's syndrome -has aspirin compounds |
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Prochlorperazine |
-phenothiazine for vomiting -inhibits signals to CZT by blocking dopamine secretion |
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Prochlorperazine se and considerations |
-can be injected or given rectally -anticholinergic SE, dry outh, sedation, constipation, extrapuramidal side effects |
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Scopalamine |
-anticholinergic for vomiting
- inhibit activity of acytlcholine in PNS -calms contractions in smooth muscle in GI tract |
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Scopalamine se and considerations |
-patch behind the ear -take up to 6 hours to work |
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Ondansetron se and considerations |
-not as much drowsiness, EPSE, headache, drowsiness |
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