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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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primary receptor for HEENT
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alpha 1
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what causes rhinitis medicamentosa?
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overuse of nasal sympathomimetics. receptors are desensitized
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oxymetazolone.
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nasal decongestant. only for adults. not w/ MAO-I. Rhinitis medicamentosa
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phenylephrine
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nasal decongestant. can use for kids. rhinitis medicamentosa
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which nasal decongestant can you give a kid?
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phenylephrine
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which histamine receptor is primarily responsible for allergic reactions?
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H1
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main side effects of antihistamines?
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sedation and anticholinergic
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bropheniramine
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first gen antihistamine
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chlorphenirimine
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first gen antihistamine
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diphenhydramine
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first gen antihistamine
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meclizine
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first gen antihistamine
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promethazine
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first gen antihistamine
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first gen antihistamines
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bothersome cats don't make happy people. bropheniramine, chlorphenirimine, diphenhidramine, meclizine, promethazine
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which antihistamine targets H1 in the vestibular system?
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meclizine
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Loratadine
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second gen antihistamine
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desloratadine
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second gen antihistamine
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fexofenadine
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second gen antihistamine
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cetirizine
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second gen antihistamine
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levocetirizine
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second gen antihistamine
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second gen antihistamines
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lord decided foxes can't leap.
loratadine, desloratiadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, levocetirizine |
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Levocabastine
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topical second generation antihistamine
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Azelastine
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Topical second generation antihistamine
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Olopatadine
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Topical second generation antihistamine
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Topical second generation antihistamines
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"Lather All Over"
Levocabastine (ophth), Azelastine (nasal), Olopatadine (ophth) |
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cromolyn
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mast-cell stabilizer
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montelukast
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leukotriene receptor antagonist (antihistamine)
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neomycin
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abx for otitis externa
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flouroquinolones (oxacin)
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abx for otitis externa. More convenient than neomycin!
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carbamide peroxide
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earwax emulsifier
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dextromethorpan
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cough suppressant DM
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which absorbs faster in the eyds, suspensions or solutions?
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solutions
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sulfacetamide
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ophth abx for conjunctiva or cornea
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erythromycin
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ophth abx
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flouroquinolones (floxacin) for ophtho
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for eye infections INCLUDING PSEUDOMONAS. can cause white crystalline precipitates
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gentamicin
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eye drops include pseudomonas
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azithromycin
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very broad spectrum eye drops for infx, most convenient, but VERY EXPENSIVE
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ophthalmic anitibiotics
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sad eyes frequently get antibiotics. sulfacetamide, erythromycin, floxacin, gentamicin, azithromycin
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dexamethasone
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glucocorticosteroid for reducing eye inflammation
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prednisolone
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glucocorticosteroid for reducing eye inflammation
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ophthalmic steroids
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Dexamethasone, Prednisolone. Don't Poke inflammed eyes
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keterolac
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inhibits prostaglandin synthesis to relieve allergic conjunctivitis or post op inflammation
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Tropicamide, atropine
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mydriasis. anti-cholinergic. paralyzes lens accomodation
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ketotifen
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claritin eye drops
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cyclosporine
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immunomodulator eye drop for chronic dry eye
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keratoconjunctivitis sicca
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chronic dry eye. treat with cyclosporine
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fungal infections caused by dermatophytes
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tineas. athlete's foot, ringworm, itch
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fungal infections caused by candida
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yeast. thrush, vaginal, diaper rash
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disease caused by malassezia furfur
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tinea versicolor
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fungal gold standard
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amphotericin B
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ergosterol
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membrane lipid in fungus. similar to cholesterol in humans. AmphB works here. reason for toxicity
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nystatin
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oral antifungal for thrush
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DOC for thrush
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nystatin
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natamycin
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ophthalmic for fungal blepharitis. tx aspergillus, candida
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what to look out for with azoles
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CYP450 inhibition. careful with phenytoin or warfarin
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DOC for cryptococcal meningitis
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Fluconazole
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prophylaxis antifungal for BMT pts
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fluconazole
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which azole causes gynecomastia
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ketoconazole (SDCAK some drugs create awesome knockers)
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DOC for vaginal yeast infections
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miconazole
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Azole with most CYP450 DDIs
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voriconazole
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Terbinafine
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TOC for fungal nail infections. (Toe Fungus, Terbinafine)
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-fungin
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echinocandins. inhibit cell wall synthesis in candida/aspergillus
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Flucytosine
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antifungal, causes bone marrow suppression/alopecia
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griseofulvin
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DOC for tinea capitis. take with fatty foods. many ADRs, rarely used
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Tolnaftate
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Tinea (Tinactin)
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Ciclopirox
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Topical for nails
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short acting glucocorticosteroids
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Hydrocortisone, Cortisone, Fludrocortisone. HIGHEST MINERALOCORTICOID ACTIVITY, MOST Na AND h2o RETENTION
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Intermediate glucocorticosteroids
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methylprednisolone, prednisone, triamcinolone.
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long acting glucocorticosteroids
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Betamethasone, Dexamethasone (LOWEST MINERALOCORTICOID ACTIVITY, MOST POTENT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY)
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which glucocorticosteroids, short or long acting, have the most mineralocorticosteroid activity?
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short acting
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which glucocorticosteroids have the lowest mineralocorticoid activity?
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long acting
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which glucocorticosteroids are the most anti-inflammatory?
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long-acting
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which glucocorticosteroids are the least potent?
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short acting
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how are glucocorticosteroids used to treat cushings?
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they negative feedback on the adrenal medulla, turn it off. seems counterintuitive to give more steroids to treat overproduction of steroids
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what causes the classic buffalo hump?
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glucocorticosteroids
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what supplements should be given to steroid patients?
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Calcium 1000-1200 mg/day, and Vit D 800-2000 iu/day
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hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis inhibition
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steroids suppress release of corticotropin in pituitary. adrenal gland stops secreting steroids. withdrawal if suddenly taken off exogenous steroids. resurge of initial symptoms NEED TO TAPER
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Beclomethasone
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inhaled for asthma, COPD. MUST RINSE MOUTH TO PREVENT THRUSH. Nasal for allergic rhinitis, polyps.
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Fluticasone
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inhaled for asthma, COPD. MUST RINSE MOUTH TO PREVENT THRUSH. Nasal for allergic rhinitis, polyps.
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dexamethasone
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glucocorticosteroids for post-op inflammation, conjunctiitis, corneal injuries.
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prednisolone
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glucocorticosteroids for post-op inflammation, conjunctiitis, corneal injuries.
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rectal steroids
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hydrocortisone for hemorrhoids, ulcerative colitis
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flucinolone
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steroids shampoo for sebhorreic dermatitis
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clobetasol propionate
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very high potency topical steroid. no >2weeks. for skin inflammations (eczema, psoriasis, allergic)
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Dipivefrin
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alpha agonist for glaucoma. a1 contracts dilators, a2 decreases production (inhibit NE on B)
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Brimonidine
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a2 agonist for glaucoma. decreased a1 precautions. safe for HTN
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DOC for open angle glaucoma
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beta blockers. "olol"
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Pilocarpine
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Muscarinic agonist for treating glaucoma. contract ciliary muscles
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dorzolomide
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inhibits carbonic anhydrase II, decreased aqueous humor production. tx glaucoma
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latanoprost
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prostaglandin analog for glaucoma. increases outflow via uveoscleral route, decreased IOP
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which glaucoma tx is the only one to increase outflow via the uveoscleral route?
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latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog
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metronidazole
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topical antibiotic. TOC for rosacea
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Azelaic Acid
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Antibacterial, comedolytic, anti-flammatory for rosacea
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Most common oral ABX for rosacea
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Tetracycline
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tacrolimus
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immunomodulator for eczema
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pimeocrolimus
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immunomodulator for eczema
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malathion
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2nd line organophosphate for lice/scabies
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crotamitron
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2nd/3rd line ectoparasites
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ivermectin
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2nd/3rd line ectoparasite
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Pramoxine
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topical anesthetic for mild eczema
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donexipin hydrochloride
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topical antipruritic
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virazole
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antiviral for RSV
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palivizumab
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monoclonal antibody. antiviral for RSV
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interferons
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hep B or C
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Ribavirin
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tx of Hep C, west nile, hemorrhagic fever
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SE of rotavirus vaccine
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intususception
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amantadine
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influenza A. adjust for renal disfunction. use with tamiflu
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rimantadine
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influenza A with tamiflu. less ADRs than amantadine
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ganciclovir
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CMV. Bone marrow suppression, retinal detachment
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Valganciclovir
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CMV
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Foscarnet
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CMV. Renal failure
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Cidofovir
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CMV
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Vidirabine
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tx keratoconjunctivitis and epithelia keratitis due to HSV I and II. ophth ointment
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Trifluridine
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tx keratoconjunctivitis and epithelia keratitis due to HSV I and II. ophth ointment
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zostavax
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herpes zoster vaccine
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doconosal
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OTC topical for cold sores! (Herpes labialis)
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Valaciclovir
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shingles
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Famciclovir
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shingles
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Acyclovir
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HSV and VZV. low bioavailability, nephrotoxic
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rhus dermatitis
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poison ivy rxn
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urushiol
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chemical secreted by poison ivy
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clotrimazole
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diaper rash
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beta-lactams
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ABX for diaper rash
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bacitracin
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topical abx for diaper rash
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tretinoin
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topical retinoin. (D) for acne
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Tazarotene
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topical retinoid (X) for acne
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adapalene
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misc for acne. retinoid-like
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azelaic acid
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for acne or rosacea
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DOC for pregnant acne
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erithromycin
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Duac Gel
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Topical ABX for acne. also
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isotretnoin
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accutane
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etretinate
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retinoid for psoriasis. very long half-life
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methotrexate
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chemo drug. go-to for psoriasis if steroids aren't working
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calciprotriene
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same as class II and class III steroids with no SE for psoriasis
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anthralin
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psoriasis tx
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