Pharm Exam

Front 1

A toxin that is secreted or excreted by a living organism

Back 1

Exotoxin

Front 2

A toxin contained in the cell walls of microorganism, released when the bacterium dies and is broken down

Back 2

Endotoxin

Front 3

What is the goal of anti-infective therapy?

Back 3

To eliminate the pathogen or slow the growth so the body can overcome the invading pathogen

Front 4

Used when there has been exposure to a pathogen
treatment is usually short course

Back 4

Prophylaxis

Front 5

Used when s/s of infection are present
Start ASAP
Usually w/n 72hrs of sx

Back 5

Empiric Therapy

Front 6

A new infection caused by an organism different from one causing the initial infection

Back 6

Superinfection

Front 7

application of drugs for purpose of disease prevention and treatment of suffering.

Back 7

Pharmacotheraphy

Front 8

study or science of drugs

Back 8

Pharmacology

Front 9

branch of medicine concerned the PREVENTION of disease and TREATMENT of suffering.

Back 9

Therapeutics

Front 10

Describe the role of the nurse in safe medication administration and in educating the client regarding medications.

Back 10

Nurse must obtain and process pertinent info about the patient’s med history, physical assessment, disease processes & learning needs & capabilities. Growth & developmental factors must always be considered.

Front 11

Explain the purpose of the 5 rights of drug administration:

Back 11

Form the operational basis for the safe delivery of medications.
1.Right client
2.Right medication
3.Right dose
4.Right route of administration
5.Right time of delivery

Front 12

Medication needed immediately

Back 12

STAT

Front 13

as soon as possible

Back 13

ASAP

Front 14

written in advance of a situation that is to be carried out under specific circumstances. i.e. pain med for a patient undergoing surgery

Back 14

Standing Order

Front 15

not written as STAT, ASAP, NOW or PRN

Back 15

Routine

Front 16

Cephlasporins

Back 16

derived from fungus, do not penetrate CSF, don’t use if pt is allergic to penicillin, bactericidal 3 generations and each generation is more resistant take with food

Front 17

Antibiotics

Back 17

1. Penicillins
2. Cephalosporins
3. Fluoroquinolones
4. Macrolides
5. Sulfonamides
6. Tetracyclines

Front 18

Bacteriocidal

Back 18

Medications that KILL bacteria

Front 19

Bacteriostatic

Back 19

Slows growth of bacteria to allow the body's natural defense system to dispose of the organism

Front 20

Pathogenicity

Back 20

the ability of an organism to cause an infection

Front 21

Virulence

Back 21

The relative power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by an organism

Front 22

antibiotics metabolized in the kidneys

Back 22

Nephrotoxicity

Front 23

Some drugs are toxic to liver cells and can cause hepatitis or liver failure.

Back 23

Hepatoxicity

Front 24

Direct toxic effect to the cells of the GI tract can cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain and diarrhea.

Back 24

GI toxicity

Front 25

When drugs pass through the brain barrier and accumulate in the nervous tissues, they can interfere with neuronal function. Can cause confusion, somnolence (sleepiness), coma.

Back 25

CNS toxicity

Front 26

Most protein antibiotics can induce the body’s immune system to produce allergic responses. Drugs are considered foreign substances and when taken by the individual, it counters the body’s immune cells

Back 26

Hypersensitivity

Front 27

Opportunistic infections that develop during course of antibiotics. Occur when microorganisms (host flora) normally present in the body are destroyed.

Back 27

Superinfection

Front 28

scanty or greatly diminished amount of urine voided in a given time; 24-hour urine output is 100 – 400 ml

Back 28

Oliguria

Front 29

difficulty in voiding; may or may not be associated with pain

Back 29

Dysuria

Front 30

blood in the urine; if present in large enough quantities, urine may be bright red or reddish brown

Back 30

Hematuria

Front 31

involuntary urination; most often used to refer to a child who involuntarily urinates during the night

Back 31

Enuresis

Front 32

Also called voiding or micturation.

Back 32

Urination

Front 33

Urination is controlled by the

Back 33

ANS – parasympathetic division (rest and digest)

Front 34

Frequency of voiding

Back 34

4-6 times a day or every 3-4 hours Most healthy people do not need to void during the night.
Nocturia – voiding more than 2x a night

Front 35

Abnormal urinary pattern:

Back 35

If frequency of voiding is more than 2x an hour
Some causes are:
Increased fluid intake, stress, pregnancy, infection

Front 36

True or False ***if < 30 cc/hr or < 240 cc/8 hr, notify MD***

Back 36

True

Front 37

Care of the Incontinent patient:

Back 37

Assess cause
Encourage fluids
Scheduled toileting
Peri-care and skin integrity assessment
Discourage caffeine & etoh
Teach kegel exercises when appropriate

Front 38

infection of either the upper (kidney & ureters) or the lower (bladder & urethra) urinary tract

Back 38

Urinary Tract Infection

Front 39

nursing assessments regarding fluid balance and interventions to promote fluid balance

Back 39

ASSESS Intake & Output
Normal input: 2-3 liters oral or IV
Normal output: 30ml per hr. or 1500 ml a day
Assess for dehydration – skin assessment, an empty bladder can’t be palpated or percussed
Weigh the patient – body weight shows fluid status
Assess nursing history:
Voiding pattern
Description of urine:
Amount, Color, Odor, Clarity, sediment
Elimination problems: pain, urgency
Females are more prone to incontinence

Front 40

basic structural and functional unit of the kidney

Back 40

Nephron

Front 41

What is the capacity of the bladder?

Back 41

Normally 250 to 350 cc but can hold up to 400 to 600cc