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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Potency |
Which drug requires less of the drug to deliver the desired effect |
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What effects Potency |
Administration route, other drugs, and metabolic capabilities |
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Pharmocodynamics |
Analysis of what a drug does to the body, including the mechanism of action |
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Pharmacokinetics |
What happens to the drug once in your system (Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) |
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Bioactivity |
Beneficial or adverse effects of the drug |
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Chemical Name |
Name of actual chemical structure |
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Half life |
Amount of time required for 50 of a drug to be remaining in the body |
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Generic Name |
Common language name for the drug - usually some type of derivative of the chemical name |
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Brand name |
Proprietary/Trade name What the company calls the drug |
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Oral Administration |
Swallowed most absorbed through small intestines and involves the first pass effect |
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Inhalation Administration |
Vaporized arug gets absorbed through the lungs |
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Injection Administration |
Injected through a syringe into the blood stream or into muscle |
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Transdermal Administration |
Absorption through the skin |
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Where are drugs stored in the body? |
Adipose tissue Liver Muscle Fiber Thyroid Tissue |
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Schedule 1 drugs |
Has the highest potential for abuse or addiction and most have no medicinal use |
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Schedule 2 - 5 Drugs |
Require a prescription from a licensed practitioner and obtained through licensed pharmacy |
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What are OTC drugs |
Are not listen in the Controlled Substance Act. Of a lower dose than that required for prescription and can be bought without prescription |
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What organs are responsible for drug elimination? |
Liver and Kidneys |
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Enzyme involved in drug interactions? |
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) |
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What are metabolites? |
Substances produced by the liver biotransformation of the drugs |
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What is Affinity |
Describes drugs that readily bind to receptors in even very low concentrations |
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What are Agonists? |
Drugs that mimic or have the same effect as endogenous chemicals |
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What are antagonists? |
Blockers Can bind to the receptor site without causing the metabolic changes the agonist would |
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How do lipid soluble drugs travel into the cell? |
Diffusion through the membrane lipid layer |
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What is Enzyme induction? |
Cause drugss to be broken down by the liver more rapidly tan expected thus decreasing their therapeutic effect |
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What is the blood brain barrier |
Prevents certain chemicals from entering the brain tissue. Lipid Soluble drugs readily pass through |
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Drugs that bind to receptors |
Initiate change in function of the cell, similar to the change caused by the chemical that normally binds to receptors |
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What is desensitization |
A brief transient decrease in post synaptic receptor responsiveness due to overstimulation |
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Where are most receptors found? |
Cells surface or cellular membrane |
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How do nerve impulses travel? |
From one neuron to another across a synapse via chemical neurotransmitters |
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What are Enzymes? |
Help may a reaction occur Cytochrome P450 MAO COMT |
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Neurotransmitters |
Bind to receptor sites on post synaptic cleft to cause changes in the adjacent cell membrane GABA, Dopamine, Glutamate |
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Why can Enzyme induction NOT alter CNS Neurotransmisson? |
Drugs block the post synaptic receptors inhibiting breakdown of neurotransmitters and blocking pre-synaptic receptors |
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What is the Primary therapeutic effect of a psychotropic med? |
prevent or delay the symptoms return |
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What are sedative hypnotics |
Drugss used primarily to relax the patient and promote sleep |
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What do Benzos increase? |
The inhibitory effects of GABA |
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What is Rebound insomnia? |
When sedative-hypnotics are abruptly discontinued and seep disturbances increase |
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What are Benzodiazepines? |
Category of drug that has anti-anxiety, sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effectss |
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What are Serotonin and Norepi Reuptake |
First line treatment of some anxiety disorders may cause initial increase in anxiety symptoms |
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How do antidepressants exert their effects? |
Once they reach the brain - via serotonin and or/ norepi neurotransmitter systems |
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What drugs can be used treat depression and chronic pain? |
SNRIs Cybalta Tricuclic antidepressants |
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What are common side effects of SSRIs |
Prozac Headache, insomnia, excessive sweating no decrease in thyroid function |
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What can cause paresthesias |
Sudden discontinuation of SSRI or SNRI |
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What can help patients who are refractory to antidepressant drugs? |
Folic acid Omega-3 fatty acids Thyroid aupplementation |
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What can cause lithium Toxicity |
When is accumulates in the body when a person becomes dehydrated |
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What are signs of lithium toxicty |
Ataxia and slurred speech |
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What taken with lithium will show toxic levels? |
Advil and Aleve |
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What can cause mania |
Use of antidepressants alone to treat acute depression in individuals with bipolar 1 |
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How to treat Bipolar 1 with acute mania? |
Benzo in addition to mood stabilizer such as lithium or valproate |
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What psych drug most often causes falla |
Benzodiazephines |
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What can control agitation and delusion in Alzheimers? |
Antipsychotic meds |
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How do First Gen antipsychotics work? |
Decrease positive symptoms by blocking dopamine activity in the mesolimbic area of the brain. |
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Advantage to second gen antipsychotics? |
Zyprexa rarelt cause abnormal movements |
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What are motor or extrapuramidal side effects |
Commonly associated with antipsychotics Tardive dyskinesia Pseudoparkinsons Dystonia |
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What may occur with a second gen antipsychotic? |
Metabolic syndrome and new onset diabetes |
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Discontinuing anticonsulsants |
my be successful if the patient has been free from seizures for at least two years |
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What else are AEDs also used for? |
Bipolar disorder and neuropathic pain |
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What are common side effects of AEDs |
Ataxia Impaired cognition Tremors |
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What are OBRA regulations? |
Federal guidelines originally designed to prevent the use of excessive physical and chemical restraints in residents of long term care facilities and currently focus on unnecessary use of psychotropic medications |
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How is Status Epilepticus commonly treated? |
With an intravenous Benzodiazepine |
