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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is kinetics
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what the body does to the drug
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Factors that affect Absorption
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1 DIFFUSION: ACTIVE VS PASSIVE
2 PROTIEN-BINDING 3 pH |
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WHAT IS THE IONIZATION CONSTANT
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(pka)= the pH at which the drug is 50% ionized and 50% nonionized
Tells about onset of action and what % of the drug will have an effect |
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Which is more likely to cross the cell membrane: ionized or nonionized form of drug?
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Nonionized form "active form"
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What are the 3 fluid compartments in the body
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1 plasma (4 liters)
2 ECF (14 liters) 4 of this is plasma 3 Total Body Water (42 Liters) |
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What type of particles are mostly found in the plasma?
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Large molecular weight, protien-binding, Hydrophilic
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What type of particles are mostly found in the ECF?
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low MW, Hydrophilic (but small enough to fit thru the junction slits)
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What type of particles are mostly in total Body Water?
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low MW, Lipophilic
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What is ion trapping?
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When a nonionized from of drug crosses the membrane and becomes ionized while in the cell, it cannot cross back over to get out
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What is the formula for Volume of Distribution (Vd) ?
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Vd=
D (amt of drug)/ C (conc. in the plasma) |
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What are some things that can influence Vd?
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1 Lipid Solubility
2 Protein-Binding 3 Molecular size |
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What affect does an increase in Vd have on half-life?
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Half-life will be increased b/c if Vd is > 4 liters, most of the drug is extraplasmic and unavailable to be eliminated by kidney or liver.
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What is First Order Kinetics?
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type of metabolism that has a constant fraction of available drug being metabolized per unit of time.
Most drugs are metabolized this way |
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What is Zero Kinetics?
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a certain volume of drug is metabolized per unit of time
some drugs are done this way when the ability of the enzyme to metabolize is exceeded by the dose of the drug |
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Which type of metabolism allows you to figure out the amount of drug eliminated if you know the dose of drug given and half-life of the drug?
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First Order Kinetics
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What is pharmacodynamics
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What the drug does to the body
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What does Selectivity of Action mean when refering to Drug Receptors
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only a drug with the proper size, shape and properties will stimulate a given receptor, BUT
stimulation of 1 receptor rarely yeilds just 1 physiologic response |
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What is the difference b/t Isomer and Racemic Mixtures?
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Isomer is a version of a drug that can cause just the response we want
Racemic drugs--the response we want has not been separated out |
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What are the 4 Receptor Families?
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1 Cell Membrane-embedded Enzymes
2 Ligand Gated Ion Channels 3 G-Protein Coupled Receptor Systems 4 Transcription Factors *found within the cell---not on the surface (ex: thyroid, steroid homones) |
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What is the Therapuetic Index
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Difference b/t the dose of the drug producing the desired effect and the dose producing the undesirable effect (toxic)
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